Forest plot depicting ORs for primary and secondary outcomes for patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis and prescription of a GLP1-RA, SGLT2i, or DPP4i, with TMLE (6) and IPTW (C). A: ORs for GLP1-RA vs. DPP4i. B: ORs for SGLT2i vs. DPP4i. ∗Within 60 days after positive SARS-CoV-2 test. †During the observation period. ‡Within 14 days after positive SARS-CoV-2 test.