An example of an AP parallel-group RCT. In this example, the control group is usual care with 2:1 randomization, which is used to increase exposure to the AP system. The coprimary outcomes (change in HbA1c from baseline and change in time <60 mg/dL from baseline) are computed at 6 months. A randomly selected group of participants in the AP group are asked to continue in the study for an additional 6 months, with an assessment of durability of outcomes and long-term safety at 12 months. Participants randomized to usual care may crossover to AP after 6 months to increase recruitment and encourage compliance with the research protocol in the usual care group. The height of the boxes is proportional to the number of participants and the width of the boxes is proportional to the duration of the period.