Flow diagram of DCCT/EDIC subject participation in CAN and DPN assessments at EDIC year 13/14. *Percentage based on the original number of EDIC participants (n = 1,375). †Percentage based on number of active EDIC participants at year 13/14 (n = 1,274). ‡Percentages shown for R-R variation and Valsalva ratio are based on number of EDIC participants with CAN test at EDIC year 13/14 (n = 1,226). DCCT/EDIC CAN testing included R-R variation during deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, and postural testing. DPN testing included history and examination by a board-certified neurologist and nerve conduction studies. Adapted with permission from Pop-Busui et al. (16).