Dynamics of biomarkers in the three different dietary interventions. The two distinct patterns (A and B) of biomarkers were confirmed with differences in the extent across low-fat, Mediterranean, and low-carbohydrate groups during 2 years of dietary weight loss intervention. At baseline, for all 12 displayed biomarkers, no significant differences were found between the diet groups. At 6 months, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between all diet groups for TGs, between the Mediterranean diet and the other diets for MCP-1 and Fetuin-A, between the low-fat diet and the other diets for adiponectin and RBP4, and between the low-carbohydrate diet and the other diets for HDL-C and vaspin. At 24 months, significant differences were found between all diet groups for CRP, between the Mediterranean diet and the other diets for vaspin, between the low-fat diet and the other diets for TGs, and between the low-carbohydrate diet and the other diets for HDL-C. The following statistically significant differences (P < 0.05 for all) were found between time points within the diet groups: 1) Low-fat group, 0–6 months: CRP, leptin, TG, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, MCP-1, vaspin, fetuin-A, and chemerin; 6–24 months: CRP, leptin, TG, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, MCP-1, vaspin, fetuin-A, and chemerin; 0–24 months: CRP, leptin, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, progranulin, and fetuin-A; 2) Mediterranean group, 0–6 months: CRP, leptin TG, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, MCP-1, vaspin, fetuin-A, chemerin, RBP4, and progranulin; 6–24 months: CRP, leptin, TG, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, MCP-1, vaspin, fetuin-A, chemerin, and progranulin; 0–24 months: CRP, leptin, TG, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, vaspin, fetuin-A, RBP4, and progranulin; and 3) Low-carbohydrate group, 0–6 months: CRP, leptin, TG, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, MCP-1, vaspin, chemerin, RBP4, and progranulin; 6–24 months: CRP, leptin, TG, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, MCP-1, vaspin, fetuin-A, chemerin, and progranulin; 0–24 months: CRP, leptin, TG, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, vaspin, fetuin-A, RBP4, and progranulin.