Independent variables (at baseline) . | HR . | 95% CI . | P . |
---|---|---|---|
Renal end point | |||
First model (without inclusion of serum ACE activity) | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | <0.001 |
Ln value of triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.38 | 1.08–1.76 | 0.0098 |
Presence of diabetes complications at baseline* | 6.99 | 4.41–11.07 | <0.001 |
ACE genotype | 0.004 | ||
DI genotype carriers of ACE gene I/D† | 1.61 | 1.01–2.58 | 0.04 |
DD genotype carriers of ACE gene I/D‡ | 2.80 | 1.49–5.29 | 0.001 |
Second model (with serum ACE activity) | |||
Duration of diabetes (years) | 1.07 | 1.02–1.12 | 0.005 |
Ln value of triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.65 | 1.72–4.07 | <0.001 |
Presence of diabetes complications at baseline* | 5.60 | 2.62–11.98 | <0.001 |
ACE genotype | 0.18 | ||
DI genotype carriers of ACE gene I/D† | 2.51 | 0.84–7.49 | 0.19 |
DD genotype carriers of ACE gene I/D‡ | 2.46 | 0.36–16.55 | 0.12 |
Cardiovascular end points | |||
Age | 1.10 | 1.06–1.09 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.24 | 1.05–1.45 | 0.009 |
Presence of diabetes complications at baseline* | 2.12 | 1.43–3.14 | 0.0002 |
Independent variables (at baseline) . | HR . | 95% CI . | P . |
---|---|---|---|
Renal end point | |||
First model (without inclusion of serum ACE activity) | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | <0.001 |
Ln value of triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.38 | 1.08–1.76 | 0.0098 |
Presence of diabetes complications at baseline* | 6.99 | 4.41–11.07 | <0.001 |
ACE genotype | 0.004 | ||
DI genotype carriers of ACE gene I/D† | 1.61 | 1.01–2.58 | 0.04 |
DD genotype carriers of ACE gene I/D‡ | 2.80 | 1.49–5.29 | 0.001 |
Second model (with serum ACE activity) | |||
Duration of diabetes (years) | 1.07 | 1.02–1.12 | 0.005 |
Ln value of triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.65 | 1.72–4.07 | <0.001 |
Presence of diabetes complications at baseline* | 5.60 | 2.62–11.98 | <0.001 |
ACE genotype | 0.18 | ||
DI genotype carriers of ACE gene I/D† | 2.51 | 0.84–7.49 | 0.19 |
DD genotype carriers of ACE gene I/D‡ | 2.46 | 0.36–16.55 | 0.12 |
Cardiovascular end points | |||
Age | 1.10 | 1.06–1.09 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.24 | 1.05–1.45 | 0.009 |
Presence of diabetes complications at baseline* | 2.12 | 1.43–3.14 | 0.0002 |
Dependent variable: renal end point defined as dialysis or doubling of baseline plasma creatinine or absolute value ≥500 μmol/l. Independent variables for renal end points: age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, ln value of triglycerides, presence of diabetes complications at baseline, and ACE gene I/D polymorphism II, DI, and DD genotype. Independent variables for cardiovascular end point: age, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, ln value of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, presence of diabetes complications at baseline, and ACE gene I/D polymorphism II, DI, and DD genotype.
Presence of diabetes complications at baseline, including cardiovascular complications (ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke and/or peripheral vascular disease) or renal impairment with plasma creatinine ≥150 μmol/l or presence of retinopathy.
DI genotype carriers compared with II genotype carriers.
DD genotype carriers compared with II genotype carriers.