Characteristics among all patients by uACR and eGFR testing
| . | All patients . | uACR and eGFR, tested . | uACR or eGFR, not tested . | uACR, tested . | uACR, not tested . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 513,165 (100) | 278,309 (54.2) | 284,856 (45.8) | 286,823 (55.9) | 226,342 (44.1) |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years), % | |||||
| 18–49 | 12.3 | 11.3 | 13.4 | 11.6 | 13.1 |
| 50–64 | 35.1 | 35.0 | 35.1 | 35.2 | 34.9 |
| 65–75 | 34.5 | 36.0 | 32.8 | 35.8 | 32.9 |
| 76–85 | 18.1 | 17.6 | 18.8 | 17.4 | 19.1 |
| Sex: female, % | 48.6 | 48.1 | 49.2 | 48.1 | 49.1 |
| Race, % | |||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Asian | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.3 |
| Black or African American | 12.3 | 12.6 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 11.8 |
| White or Caucasian | 78.1 | 77.3 | 79.0 | 77.2 | 79.1 |
| Other/unknown | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.4 |
| Ethnicity, % | |||||
| Hispanic | 6.5 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 5.8 |
| Not Hispanic | 89.7 | 89.9 | 89.5 | 89.8 | 89.6 |
| Unknown | 3.8 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 4.6 |
| RUCA, % | |||||
| Metropolitan | 80.2 | 83.3 | 76.4 | 83.3 | 76.1 |
| Large rural city | 8.5 | 7.1 | 10.3 | 7.1 | 10.4 |
| Small or isolated rural | 8.6 | 7.3 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 10.3 |
| Unknown | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.1 |
| Median household income, median (IQR) | 42,960 (35,635–54,197) | 44,274 (36,334–55,235) | 42,022 (34,661–52,626) | 44,198 (36,334–55,235) | 42,022 (34,661–52,593) |
| Insurance, % | |||||
| Commercial | 44.0 | 44.8 | 42.9 | 44.9 | 42.7 |
| Medicaid | 4.9 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 5.5 |
| Medicare | 46.6 | 46.2 | 47.0 | 46.0 | 47.4 |
| Other | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.4 |
| Smoking, % | |||||
| Current | 12.1 | 10.8 | 13.6 | 10.9 | 13.6 |
| Previous | 33.6 | 33.5 | 33.7 | 33.5 | 33.8 |
| Never | 54.3 | 55.7 | 52.7 | 55.6 | 52.6 |
| Comorbid conditions diagnosed, % | |||||
| Hypertension | 80.1 | 81.0 | 79.0 | 80.7 | 79.3 |
| Heart failure | 9.0 | 8.1 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 10.3 |
| ASCVD | 30.4 | 29.5 | 31.6 | 29.3 | 31.8 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 |
| CKD | 25.2 | 27.4 | 22.7 | 27.1 | 22.9 |
| DCSI, mean (SD) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) |
| Medications prescribed, % | |||||
| GLP-1 RA | 12.0 | 13.4 | 10.3 | 13.3 | 10.2 |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | 11.0 | 12.2 | 9.4 | 12.2 | 9.4 |
| Statin | 73.2 | 77.7 | 68.0 | 77.5 | 67.9 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 68.2 | 71.4 | 64.4 | 71.1 | 64.5 |
| Utilization | |||||
| Diabetes education or medical nutrition, % | 8.1 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 6.9 |
| Outpatient visits, mean (SD) | |||||
| Any provider | 13.2 (12.7) | 13.7 (13.0) | 12.6 (12.3) | 13.6 (12.9) | 12.7 (12.3) |
| PCP | 6.7 (4.9) | 6.9 (4.9) | 6.5 (4.9) | 6.9 (4.9) | 6.5 (5.0) |
| Endocrinology | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.4 (1.5) | 0.3 (1.1) | 0.4 (1.5) | 0.3 (1.1) |
| Nephrology | 0.1 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.6) |
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| eGFR | |||||
| Measured, % | 89.1 | 100 | 76.3 | 97.0 | 79.1 |
| Mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 77.4 (22.7) | 77.6 (22.2) | 77.0 (23.3) | 77.8 (22.1) | 76.8 (23.3) |
| uACR | |||||
| Measured, % | 55.9 | 100 | 3.6 | 100 | 0 |
| Median (IQR), mg/g | 16.0 (8.2–39.0) | 16.0 (8.2–39.0) | 16.1 (8.1–34.1) | 16.0 (8.2–39.0) | |
| Urine albumin concentration | |||||
| Measured, % | 59.2 | 98.6 | 12.5 | 98.4 | 9.6 |
| Median (IQR), mg/dL | 1.4 (1.0–4.3) | 1.4 (1.0–4.3) | 1.6 (1.0–5.0) | 1.4 (1.0–4.3) | 1.7 (0.9–5.7) |
| uPCR | |||||
| Measured, % | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| Median (IQR), mg/g | 242 (120–740) | 239 (121–683) | 250 (123–871) | 239 (121–685) | 250 (120–870) |
| Urine dipstick: measured, % | 30.6 | 34.4 | 26.1 | 33.9 | 26.5 |
| Quality measures* | |||||
| HbA1c, % | |||||
| Missing | 7.4 | 0.5 | 15.6 | 0.6 | 16.0 |
| ≥8.0% (≥7.0) | 19.5 (41.8) | 20.5 (45.5) | 18.2 (37.3) | 20.7 (45.6) | 18.0 (37.0) |
| <8.0% (< 7.0) | 73.1 (50.8) | 79.0 (54.0) | 66.2 (47.1) | 78.7 (53.8) | 66.0 (47.0) |
| BP, % | |||||
| Missing | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| ≥140/90 mmHg (≥130/80) | 20.8 (55.8) | 19.5 (55.1) | 22.5 (56.6) | 19.4 (55.1) | 22.6 (56.6) |
| <140/90 mmHg (<130/80) | 78.9 (43.9) | 80.5 (44.8) | 77.0 (42.9) | 80.5 (44.8) | 76.9 (42.8) |
| Medical attention for nephropathy, % | 89.5 | 100 | 77.1 | 100 | 76.2 |
| . | All patients . | uACR and eGFR, tested . | uACR or eGFR, not tested . | uACR, tested . | uACR, not tested . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 513,165 (100) | 278,309 (54.2) | 284,856 (45.8) | 286,823 (55.9) | 226,342 (44.1) |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years), % | |||||
| 18–49 | 12.3 | 11.3 | 13.4 | 11.6 | 13.1 |
| 50–64 | 35.1 | 35.0 | 35.1 | 35.2 | 34.9 |
| 65–75 | 34.5 | 36.0 | 32.8 | 35.8 | 32.9 |
| 76–85 | 18.1 | 17.6 | 18.8 | 17.4 | 19.1 |
| Sex: female, % | 48.6 | 48.1 | 49.2 | 48.1 | 49.1 |
| Race, % | |||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Asian | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.3 |
| Black or African American | 12.3 | 12.6 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 11.8 |
| White or Caucasian | 78.1 | 77.3 | 79.0 | 77.2 | 79.1 |
| Other/unknown | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.4 |
| Ethnicity, % | |||||
| Hispanic | 6.5 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 5.8 |
| Not Hispanic | 89.7 | 89.9 | 89.5 | 89.8 | 89.6 |
| Unknown | 3.8 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 4.6 |
| RUCA, % | |||||
| Metropolitan | 80.2 | 83.3 | 76.4 | 83.3 | 76.1 |
| Large rural city | 8.5 | 7.1 | 10.3 | 7.1 | 10.4 |
| Small or isolated rural | 8.6 | 7.3 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 10.3 |
| Unknown | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.1 |
| Median household income, median (IQR) | 42,960 (35,635–54,197) | 44,274 (36,334–55,235) | 42,022 (34,661–52,626) | 44,198 (36,334–55,235) | 42,022 (34,661–52,593) |
| Insurance, % | |||||
| Commercial | 44.0 | 44.8 | 42.9 | 44.9 | 42.7 |
| Medicaid | 4.9 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 5.5 |
| Medicare | 46.6 | 46.2 | 47.0 | 46.0 | 47.4 |
| Other | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.4 |
| Smoking, % | |||||
| Current | 12.1 | 10.8 | 13.6 | 10.9 | 13.6 |
| Previous | 33.6 | 33.5 | 33.7 | 33.5 | 33.8 |
| Never | 54.3 | 55.7 | 52.7 | 55.6 | 52.6 |
| Comorbid conditions diagnosed, % | |||||
| Hypertension | 80.1 | 81.0 | 79.0 | 80.7 | 79.3 |
| Heart failure | 9.0 | 8.1 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 10.3 |
| ASCVD | 30.4 | 29.5 | 31.6 | 29.3 | 31.8 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 |
| CKD | 25.2 | 27.4 | 22.7 | 27.1 | 22.9 |
| DCSI, mean (SD) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.1) |
| Medications prescribed, % | |||||
| GLP-1 RA | 12.0 | 13.4 | 10.3 | 13.3 | 10.2 |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | 11.0 | 12.2 | 9.4 | 12.2 | 9.4 |
| Statin | 73.2 | 77.7 | 68.0 | 77.5 | 67.9 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 68.2 | 71.4 | 64.4 | 71.1 | 64.5 |
| Utilization | |||||
| Diabetes education or medical nutrition, % | 8.1 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 6.9 |
| Outpatient visits, mean (SD) | |||||
| Any provider | 13.2 (12.7) | 13.7 (13.0) | 12.6 (12.3) | 13.6 (12.9) | 12.7 (12.3) |
| PCP | 6.7 (4.9) | 6.9 (4.9) | 6.5 (4.9) | 6.9 (4.9) | 6.5 (5.0) |
| Endocrinology | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.4 (1.5) | 0.3 (1.1) | 0.4 (1.5) | 0.3 (1.1) |
| Nephrology | 0.1 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.6) |
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| eGFR | |||||
| Measured, % | 89.1 | 100 | 76.3 | 97.0 | 79.1 |
| Mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 77.4 (22.7) | 77.6 (22.2) | 77.0 (23.3) | 77.8 (22.1) | 76.8 (23.3) |
| uACR | |||||
| Measured, % | 55.9 | 100 | 3.6 | 100 | 0 |
| Median (IQR), mg/g | 16.0 (8.2–39.0) | 16.0 (8.2–39.0) | 16.1 (8.1–34.1) | 16.0 (8.2–39.0) | |
| Urine albumin concentration | |||||
| Measured, % | 59.2 | 98.6 | 12.5 | 98.4 | 9.6 |
| Median (IQR), mg/dL | 1.4 (1.0–4.3) | 1.4 (1.0–4.3) | 1.6 (1.0–5.0) | 1.4 (1.0–4.3) | 1.7 (0.9–5.7) |
| uPCR | |||||
| Measured, % | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| Median (IQR), mg/g | 242 (120–740) | 239 (121–683) | 250 (123–871) | 239 (121–685) | 250 (120–870) |
| Urine dipstick: measured, % | 30.6 | 34.4 | 26.1 | 33.9 | 26.5 |
| Quality measures* | |||||
| HbA1c, % | |||||
| Missing | 7.4 | 0.5 | 15.6 | 0.6 | 16.0 |
| ≥8.0% (≥7.0) | 19.5 (41.8) | 20.5 (45.5) | 18.2 (37.3) | 20.7 (45.6) | 18.0 (37.0) |
| <8.0% (< 7.0) | 73.1 (50.8) | 79.0 (54.0) | 66.2 (47.1) | 78.7 (53.8) | 66.0 (47.0) |
| BP, % | |||||
| Missing | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| ≥140/90 mmHg (≥130/80) | 20.8 (55.8) | 19.5 (55.1) | 22.5 (56.6) | 19.4 (55.1) | 22.6 (56.6) |
| <140/90 mmHg (<130/80) | 78.9 (43.9) | 80.5 (44.8) | 77.0 (42.9) | 80.5 (44.8) | 76.9 (42.8) |
| Medical attention for nephropathy, % | 89.5 | 100 | 77.1 | 100 | 76.2 |
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BP, blood pressure; DCSI, Diabetes Complications Severity Index; IQR, interquartile range; PCP, primary care physician; RUCA, rural-urban commuting area.
Missing HbA1c is HbA1c ≥8.0% (≥7.0), and HbA1c <8.0% (<7.0), sum to 100%, and missing BP is BP ≥140/90 mmHg (≥130/80) and BP <140/90 mmHg (<130/80), sum to 100%.