. | No OSA/untreated mild OSA (n = 61) . | Untreated moderate OSA (n = 47) . | Untreated severe OSA (n = 72) . | Treated OSA (n = 41) . | P value* . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Age (years) | 53.0 ± 10.2 | 55.8 ± 8.3 | 55.3 ± 7.8 | 53.9 ± 8.1 | 0.306 |
Men | 16 (26.2) | 26 (55.3) | 58 (80.6) | 27 (65.9) | <0.001 |
Race/ethnicity | 0.593 | ||||
White | 28 (45.9) | 28 (59.6) | 39 (54.2) | 27 (65.9) | |
Black | 23 (37.7) | 16 (34.0) | 22 (30.6) | 11 (26.8) | |
Hispanic (any) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (4.3) | 6 (8.3) | 1 (2.4) | |
Asian | 4 (6.6) | 1 (2.1) | 4 (5.6) | 1 (2.4) | |
American Indian | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Mixed | 3 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.4) | |
Diabetes at screening | 14 (23.0) | 10 (21.3) | 25 (34.7) | 10 (24.4) | 0.305 |
Weight (kg) | 94.8 ± 16.6 | 101.5 ± 16.9 | 106.9 ± 18.5 | 108.6 ± 19.3 | <0.001 |
Waist (cm) | 106.7 ± 12.7 | 112.7 ± 12.2 | 114.7 ± 12.9 | 117.3 ± 13.1 | <0.001 |
WHR | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 34.0 ± 5.3 | 34.7 ± 5.4 | 35.3 ± 5.5 | 36.6 ± 5.9 | 0.130 |
Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 47 (77.0) | 37 (78.7) | 56 (78.9) | 36 (87.8) | 0.573 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.8 ± 13.9 | 128.7 ± 13.6 | 128.4 ± 12.4 | 128.1 ± 12.3 | 0.012 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.5 ± 11.0 | 77.7 ± 12.0 | 78.6 ± 9.8 | 77.1 ± 9.3 | 0.158 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 0.326 |
ESS score | 8.8 ± 5.3 | 7.7 ± 3.7 | 8.6 ± 4.7 | 8.6 ± 4.3 | 0.628 |
Sleepy (Epworth >10) | 23 (37.7) | 17 (36.2) | 27 (37.5) | 15 (36.6) | 0.998 |
CPAP adherent† | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 41 (100.0) | <0.001 |
CPAP use in subset adherent to CPAP (h/night) (n = 41) | — | — | — | 6.2 ± 1.1 | NA |
Actigraphy measurements | |||||
Sleep time (h) | 6.83 ± 0.82 | 6.59 ± 0.88 | 6.26 ± 1.12 | 6.70 ± 0.74 | 0.004 |
Activity duration (min) | 974 ± 55 | 1,041 ± 208 | 991 ± 69 | 986 ± 49 | 0.015 |
Percent immobility | 20.2 ± 8.6 | 19.1 ± 9.1 | 21.9 ± 8.9 | 19.1 ± 8.6 | 0.254 |
Total activity count | 227,485 ± 76,012 | 247,953 ± 78,135 | 225,467 ± 78,741 | 231,039 ± 70,177 | 0.426 |
Activity (counts/min) | 233 ± 77 | 244 ± 78 | 226 ± 79 | 234 ± 68 | 0.673 |
PSG measurements | |||||
Total recording time (min) | 449.0 ± 39.9 | 463.1 ± 35.2 | 458.8 ± 37.4 | 439.1 ± 66.9 | 0.048 |
Total sleep time (min) | 370.3 ± 62.0 | 361.3 ± 68.1 | 361.0 ± 67.2 | 344.1 ± 96.9 | 0.362 |
Sleep efficiency (%) | 85.0 (76.7, 91.0) | 84.7 (70.0, 87.9) | 82.1 (73.9, 89.1) | 82.9 (70.7, 90.4) | 0.356 |
REM sleep (%) | 19.2 (15.8, 23.7) | 19.3 (15.7, 25.1) | 16.5 (11.0, 20.0) | 12.1 (5.0, 19.2) | <0.001 |
N3 sleep (%) | 17.6 (10.1, 24.0) | 14.1 (11.1, 22.2) | 6.6 (1.0, 13.9) | 9.3 (2.0, 17.0) | <0.001 |
AHI (events/h) | 8.6 (3.7, 12.5) | 22.0 (16.9, 26.6) | 50.9 (37.2, 71.8) | 29.1 (18.5, 59.2) | <0.001 |
REM AHI (events/h) | 16.5 (5.8, 31.9) | 34.9 (17.3, 52.0) | 60.0 (38.6, 74.7) | 30.0 (15.8, 54.7) | <0.001 |
Non-REM AHI (events/h) | 4.1 (2.5, 8.0) | 18.8 (11.6, 24.0) | 50.8 (34.8, 76.5) | 27.7 (15.1, 61.1) | <0.001 |
3% ODI (events/h) | 5.5 (2.8, 8.6) | 15.4 (11.5, 18.8) | 38.4 (26.8, 56.0) | 20.6 (9.7, 36.7) | <0.001 |
4% ODI (events/h) | 3.0 (1.6, 6.1) | 10.0 (7.7, 13.2) | 27.9 (14.9, 50.0) | 11.7 (6.6, 26.9) | <0.001 |
Microarousal index (events/h) | 12.9 (9.3, 19.6) | 20.6 (16.1, 27.4) | 34.5 (27.3, 51.3) | 26.9 (16.7, 52.6) | <0.001 |
T90 (%) | 0.8 (0.1, 3.4) | 5.0 (1.2, 13.4) | 15.4 (4.8, 41.4) | 4.7 (1.7, 17.8) | <0.001 |
. | No OSA/untreated mild OSA (n = 61) . | Untreated moderate OSA (n = 47) . | Untreated severe OSA (n = 72) . | Treated OSA (n = 41) . | P value* . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Age (years) | 53.0 ± 10.2 | 55.8 ± 8.3 | 55.3 ± 7.8 | 53.9 ± 8.1 | 0.306 |
Men | 16 (26.2) | 26 (55.3) | 58 (80.6) | 27 (65.9) | <0.001 |
Race/ethnicity | 0.593 | ||||
White | 28 (45.9) | 28 (59.6) | 39 (54.2) | 27 (65.9) | |
Black | 23 (37.7) | 16 (34.0) | 22 (30.6) | 11 (26.8) | |
Hispanic (any) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (4.3) | 6 (8.3) | 1 (2.4) | |
Asian | 4 (6.6) | 1 (2.1) | 4 (5.6) | 1 (2.4) | |
American Indian | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Mixed | 3 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.4) | |
Diabetes at screening | 14 (23.0) | 10 (21.3) | 25 (34.7) | 10 (24.4) | 0.305 |
Weight (kg) | 94.8 ± 16.6 | 101.5 ± 16.9 | 106.9 ± 18.5 | 108.6 ± 19.3 | <0.001 |
Waist (cm) | 106.7 ± 12.7 | 112.7 ± 12.2 | 114.7 ± 12.9 | 117.3 ± 13.1 | <0.001 |
WHR | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 34.0 ± 5.3 | 34.7 ± 5.4 | 35.3 ± 5.5 | 36.6 ± 5.9 | 0.130 |
Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 47 (77.0) | 37 (78.7) | 56 (78.9) | 36 (87.8) | 0.573 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121.8 ± 13.9 | 128.7 ± 13.6 | 128.4 ± 12.4 | 128.1 ± 12.3 | 0.012 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.5 ± 11.0 | 77.7 ± 12.0 | 78.6 ± 9.8 | 77.1 ± 9.3 | 0.158 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 0.326 |
ESS score | 8.8 ± 5.3 | 7.7 ± 3.7 | 8.6 ± 4.7 | 8.6 ± 4.3 | 0.628 |
Sleepy (Epworth >10) | 23 (37.7) | 17 (36.2) | 27 (37.5) | 15 (36.6) | 0.998 |
CPAP adherent† | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 41 (100.0) | <0.001 |
CPAP use in subset adherent to CPAP (h/night) (n = 41) | — | — | — | 6.2 ± 1.1 | NA |
Actigraphy measurements | |||||
Sleep time (h) | 6.83 ± 0.82 | 6.59 ± 0.88 | 6.26 ± 1.12 | 6.70 ± 0.74 | 0.004 |
Activity duration (min) | 974 ± 55 | 1,041 ± 208 | 991 ± 69 | 986 ± 49 | 0.015 |
Percent immobility | 20.2 ± 8.6 | 19.1 ± 9.1 | 21.9 ± 8.9 | 19.1 ± 8.6 | 0.254 |
Total activity count | 227,485 ± 76,012 | 247,953 ± 78,135 | 225,467 ± 78,741 | 231,039 ± 70,177 | 0.426 |
Activity (counts/min) | 233 ± 77 | 244 ± 78 | 226 ± 79 | 234 ± 68 | 0.673 |
PSG measurements | |||||
Total recording time (min) | 449.0 ± 39.9 | 463.1 ± 35.2 | 458.8 ± 37.4 | 439.1 ± 66.9 | 0.048 |
Total sleep time (min) | 370.3 ± 62.0 | 361.3 ± 68.1 | 361.0 ± 67.2 | 344.1 ± 96.9 | 0.362 |
Sleep efficiency (%) | 85.0 (76.7, 91.0) | 84.7 (70.0, 87.9) | 82.1 (73.9, 89.1) | 82.9 (70.7, 90.4) | 0.356 |
REM sleep (%) | 19.2 (15.8, 23.7) | 19.3 (15.7, 25.1) | 16.5 (11.0, 20.0) | 12.1 (5.0, 19.2) | <0.001 |
N3 sleep (%) | 17.6 (10.1, 24.0) | 14.1 (11.1, 22.2) | 6.6 (1.0, 13.9) | 9.3 (2.0, 17.0) | <0.001 |
AHI (events/h) | 8.6 (3.7, 12.5) | 22.0 (16.9, 26.6) | 50.9 (37.2, 71.8) | 29.1 (18.5, 59.2) | <0.001 |
REM AHI (events/h) | 16.5 (5.8, 31.9) | 34.9 (17.3, 52.0) | 60.0 (38.6, 74.7) | 30.0 (15.8, 54.7) | <0.001 |
Non-REM AHI (events/h) | 4.1 (2.5, 8.0) | 18.8 (11.6, 24.0) | 50.8 (34.8, 76.5) | 27.7 (15.1, 61.1) | <0.001 |
3% ODI (events/h) | 5.5 (2.8, 8.6) | 15.4 (11.5, 18.8) | 38.4 (26.8, 56.0) | 20.6 (9.7, 36.7) | <0.001 |
4% ODI (events/h) | 3.0 (1.6, 6.1) | 10.0 (7.7, 13.2) | 27.9 (14.9, 50.0) | 11.7 (6.6, 26.9) | <0.001 |
Microarousal index (events/h) | 12.9 (9.3, 19.6) | 20.6 (16.1, 27.4) | 34.5 (27.3, 51.3) | 26.9 (16.7, 52.6) | <0.001 |
T90 (%) | 0.8 (0.1, 3.4) | 5.0 (1.2, 13.4) | 15.4 (4.8, 41.4) | 4.7 (1.7, 17.8) | <0.001 |
Data are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (25th, 75th percentile). BP, blood pressure; N3, stage 3 of non–rapid eye movement sleep; NA, not applicable; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; REM, rapid eye movement.
ANOVA for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables.
CPAP adherence defined as self-report of using CPAP ≥4 h on ≥5 nights per week.