. | Incident diabetes status . | . | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall . | Participants with diabetes . | Participants without diabetes . | ||
. | (N = 3,340) . | (n = 581) . | (n = 2,759) . | P value . |
Age, years | 53.3 ± 12.5 | 55.2 ± 11.0 | 53.0 ± 12.8 | 0.0001 |
Men, n (%) | 1,224 (36.7) | 216 (37.2) | 1,008 (36.5) | NS |
Hypertension status, n (%) | 1,791 (53.7) | 389 (67.1) | 1,402 (50.9) | <0.0001 |
Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
Systolic | 125 ± 17 | 128 ± 18 | 124 ± 17 | <0.0001 |
Diastolic | 79 ± 10 | 80 ± 10 | 79 ± 10 | <0.01 |
Blood pressure medication, n (%) | 1,399 (53.5) | 328 (67.6) | 1,071 (50.3) | <0.0001 |
BMI, kg ⋅ m−2 | 31.2 ± 7.0 | 33.6 ± 7.0 | 30.7 ± 6.9 | <0.0001 |
BMI category, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
<25 kg ⋅ m−2 | 530 (15.9) | 39 (6.7) | 491 (17.8) | |
25 to <30 kg ⋅ m−2 | 1,149 (34.4) | 151 (26.0) | 998 (36.2) | |
≥30 kg ⋅ m−2 | 1,658 (49.7) | 390 (67.2) | 1,268 (46.0) | |
Waist circumference, cm | 98.6 ± 15.6 | 104.9 ± 14.0 | 97.2 ± 15.6 | <0.0001 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 395 (12.0) | 70 (12.3) | 325 (11.9) | NS |
Current alcohol drinker, n (%) | 1,662 (50.0) | 266 (45.9) | 1,396 (50.9) | 0.03 |
Physical activity, n (%) | 0.017 | |||
Poor health, n (%) | 1,505 (45.1) | 287 (49.5) | 1,218 (44.2) | |
Intermediate health, n (%) | 1,120 (33.6) | 192 (33.1) | 928 (33.7) | |
Ideal health, n (%) | 713 (21.4) | 101 (17.4) | 612 (22.2) | |
Family history, n (%) | 1,512 (45.3) | 328 (56.7) | 1,184 (42.9) | <0.0001 |
Education level, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
At least college | 2,027 (60.7) | 318 (54.7) | 1,709 (61.9) | |
Income status, n (%) | NS | |||
Low | 360 (12.7) | 70 (14.0) | 290 (12.4) | |
Middle | 1491 (52.3) | 262 (52.3) | 1229 (52.4) | |
Affluent | 995 (35.0) | 169 (33.7) | 826 (35.2) | |
Cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
LDL | 127.5 ± 36.3 | 129.1 ± 38.0 | 127.1 ± 35.9 | NS |
HDL | 52.2 ± 14.6 | 49.2 ± 12.9 | 52.9 ± 14.8 | <0.0001 |
Triglycerides,* mg/dL | 85.0 (58.0) | 102.0 (66.0) | 82.0 (55.0) | <0.0001 |
Fasting insulin,* μU/mL | 14.0 (9.0) | 18.5 (12.0) | 13.0 (8.0) | <0.0001 |
Fasting glucose level, mg/dL | 90.3 ± 8.9 | 97.0 ± 10.6 | 88.8 ± 7.8 | <0.0001 |
HOMAIR* | 3.0 (2.1) | 4.3 (3.0) | 2.8 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 5.5 ± 0.5 (37) | 5.9 ± 0.4 (41) | 5.4 ± 0.4 (36) | <0.0001 |
hs-CRP,* mg/L | 2.4 (4.3) | 3.5 (5.5) | 2.3 (4.2) | <0.0001 |
. | Incident diabetes status . | . | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall . | Participants with diabetes . | Participants without diabetes . | ||
. | (N = 3,340) . | (n = 581) . | (n = 2,759) . | P value . |
Age, years | 53.3 ± 12.5 | 55.2 ± 11.0 | 53.0 ± 12.8 | 0.0001 |
Men, n (%) | 1,224 (36.7) | 216 (37.2) | 1,008 (36.5) | NS |
Hypertension status, n (%) | 1,791 (53.7) | 389 (67.1) | 1,402 (50.9) | <0.0001 |
Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
Systolic | 125 ± 17 | 128 ± 18 | 124 ± 17 | <0.0001 |
Diastolic | 79 ± 10 | 80 ± 10 | 79 ± 10 | <0.01 |
Blood pressure medication, n (%) | 1,399 (53.5) | 328 (67.6) | 1,071 (50.3) | <0.0001 |
BMI, kg ⋅ m−2 | 31.2 ± 7.0 | 33.6 ± 7.0 | 30.7 ± 6.9 | <0.0001 |
BMI category, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
<25 kg ⋅ m−2 | 530 (15.9) | 39 (6.7) | 491 (17.8) | |
25 to <30 kg ⋅ m−2 | 1,149 (34.4) | 151 (26.0) | 998 (36.2) | |
≥30 kg ⋅ m−2 | 1,658 (49.7) | 390 (67.2) | 1,268 (46.0) | |
Waist circumference, cm | 98.6 ± 15.6 | 104.9 ± 14.0 | 97.2 ± 15.6 | <0.0001 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 395 (12.0) | 70 (12.3) | 325 (11.9) | NS |
Current alcohol drinker, n (%) | 1,662 (50.0) | 266 (45.9) | 1,396 (50.9) | 0.03 |
Physical activity, n (%) | 0.017 | |||
Poor health, n (%) | 1,505 (45.1) | 287 (49.5) | 1,218 (44.2) | |
Intermediate health, n (%) | 1,120 (33.6) | 192 (33.1) | 928 (33.7) | |
Ideal health, n (%) | 713 (21.4) | 101 (17.4) | 612 (22.2) | |
Family history, n (%) | 1,512 (45.3) | 328 (56.7) | 1,184 (42.9) | <0.0001 |
Education level, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
At least college | 2,027 (60.7) | 318 (54.7) | 1,709 (61.9) | |
Income status, n (%) | NS | |||
Low | 360 (12.7) | 70 (14.0) | 290 (12.4) | |
Middle | 1491 (52.3) | 262 (52.3) | 1229 (52.4) | |
Affluent | 995 (35.0) | 169 (33.7) | 826 (35.2) | |
Cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
LDL | 127.5 ± 36.3 | 129.1 ± 38.0 | 127.1 ± 35.9 | NS |
HDL | 52.2 ± 14.6 | 49.2 ± 12.9 | 52.9 ± 14.8 | <0.0001 |
Triglycerides,* mg/dL | 85.0 (58.0) | 102.0 (66.0) | 82.0 (55.0) | <0.0001 |
Fasting insulin,* μU/mL | 14.0 (9.0) | 18.5 (12.0) | 13.0 (8.0) | <0.0001 |
Fasting glucose level, mg/dL | 90.3 ± 8.9 | 97.0 ± 10.6 | 88.8 ± 7.8 | <0.0001 |
HOMAIR* | 3.0 (2.1) | 4.3 (3.0) | 2.8 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 5.5 ± 0.5 (37) | 5.9 ± 0.4 (41) | 5.4 ± 0.4 (36) | <0.0001 |
hs-CRP,* mg/L | 2.4 (4.3) | 3.5 (5.5) | 2.3 (4.2) | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or as indicated.
*Data are presented as median (interquartile range).