Domain . | Test . | Raw score . | Effect size (d)† . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1D (mean ± SD) . | No T1D (mean ± SD) . | Difference (no T1D – T1D) . | |||||
Mean . | % . | P value* . | |||||
IQ | NAART | ||||||
Number correct | 37.1 ± 9.4 | 43.3 ± 10.3 | 6.2 | −15.0 | 0.0005‡ | 0.62 | |
Estimated verbal IQ (scaled)§ | 108 ± 8 | 113 ± 9 | 5.0 | −4.5 | 0.0012‡ | 0.59 | |
Psychomotor speed | DSST | 54.5 ± 13.5 | 63.4 ± 11.8 | 8.9 | −15.0 | <0.0001‡ | 0.72 |
GP‖ | 88.8 ± 33.2 | 69.0 ± 17.6 | 19.8 | 25.1 | <0.0001‡ | 1.02 | |
Executive function | Stroop Color-Word | 41.4 ± 9.5 | 44.2 ± 8.8 | 3.2 | −7.5 | 0.06‡ | 0.58 |
TMT | |||||||
Part B‖ | 65.4 ± 38.5 | 53.4 ± 22.3 | 12.0 | 16.5 | 0.02‡ | 0.47 | |
Ratio B to A‖ | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 0.5 | 21.2 | 0.002‡ | 0.54 | |
VF | |||||||
FAS | 44.4 ± 13.8 | 48.2 ± 11.9 | 3.7 | −7.4 | 0.10‡ | 0.30 | |
LN sequence | 11.0 ± 2.9 | 11.9 ± 2.8 | 1.0 | −8.2 | 0.05‡ | 0.34 | |
Memory | Rey Auditory Verbal Learning | ||||||
Sum of trials 1–5 | 54.1 ± 8.9 | 56.0 ± 9.0 | 2.0 | −3.7 | 0.44 | 0.22 | |
Interference | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 6.9 ± 1.9 | 0.5 | −7.5 | 0.34 | 0.24 | |
Delayed recall | 11.0 ± 3.0 | 11.4 ± 3.0 | 0.4 | −4.0 | 0.65 | 0.15 | |
ROCF-delayed | 18.6 ± 6.7 | 19.9 ± 6.6 | 1.3 | −6.6 | 0.41 | 0.20 | |
4WSTM | |||||||
5-s list | 15.2 ± 3.1 | 16.3 ± 3.2 | 1.1 | −7.0 | 0.10‡ | 0.35 | |
15-s list | 12.3 ± 4.1 | 13.4 ± 3.8 | 1.2 | −9.2 | 0.17 | 0.31 | |
30-s list | 10.5 ± 4.5 | 11.1 ± 4.7 | 0.6 | −5.8 | 0.76 | 0.14 | |
Visuospatial | ROCF-copy | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 33.9 ± 3.4 | 3.2 | −9.9 | <0.0001‡ | 0.88 |
Semantic fluency | VF Animals | 21.7 ± 5.3 | 23.3 ± 5.5 | 1.5 | −6.5 | 0.14 | 0.28 |
Domain . | Test . | Raw score . | Effect size (d)† . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1D (mean ± SD) . | No T1D (mean ± SD) . | Difference (no T1D – T1D) . | |||||
Mean . | % . | P value* . | |||||
IQ | NAART | ||||||
Number correct | 37.1 ± 9.4 | 43.3 ± 10.3 | 6.2 | −15.0 | 0.0005‡ | 0.62 | |
Estimated verbal IQ (scaled)§ | 108 ± 8 | 113 ± 9 | 5.0 | −4.5 | 0.0012‡ | 0.59 | |
Psychomotor speed | DSST | 54.5 ± 13.5 | 63.4 ± 11.8 | 8.9 | −15.0 | <0.0001‡ | 0.72 |
GP‖ | 88.8 ± 33.2 | 69.0 ± 17.6 | 19.8 | 25.1 | <0.0001‡ | 1.02 | |
Executive function | Stroop Color-Word | 41.4 ± 9.5 | 44.2 ± 8.8 | 3.2 | −7.5 | 0.06‡ | 0.58 |
TMT | |||||||
Part B‖ | 65.4 ± 38.5 | 53.4 ± 22.3 | 12.0 | 16.5 | 0.02‡ | 0.47 | |
Ratio B to A‖ | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 0.5 | 21.2 | 0.002‡ | 0.54 | |
VF | |||||||
FAS | 44.4 ± 13.8 | 48.2 ± 11.9 | 3.7 | −7.4 | 0.10‡ | 0.30 | |
LN sequence | 11.0 ± 2.9 | 11.9 ± 2.8 | 1.0 | −8.2 | 0.05‡ | 0.34 | |
Memory | Rey Auditory Verbal Learning | ||||||
Sum of trials 1–5 | 54.1 ± 8.9 | 56.0 ± 9.0 | 2.0 | −3.7 | 0.44 | 0.22 | |
Interference | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 6.9 ± 1.9 | 0.5 | −7.5 | 0.34 | 0.24 | |
Delayed recall | 11.0 ± 3.0 | 11.4 ± 3.0 | 0.4 | −4.0 | 0.65 | 0.15 | |
ROCF-delayed | 18.6 ± 6.7 | 19.9 ± 6.6 | 1.3 | −6.6 | 0.41 | 0.20 | |
4WSTM | |||||||
5-s list | 15.2 ± 3.1 | 16.3 ± 3.2 | 1.1 | −7.0 | 0.10‡ | 0.35 | |
15-s list | 12.3 ± 4.1 | 13.4 ± 3.8 | 1.2 | −9.2 | 0.17 | 0.31 | |
30-s list | 10.5 ± 4.5 | 11.1 ± 4.7 | 0.6 | −5.8 | 0.76 | 0.14 | |
Visuospatial | ROCF-copy | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 33.9 ± 3.4 | 3.2 | −9.9 | <0.0001‡ | 0.88 |
Semantic fluency | VF Animals | 21.7 ± 5.3 | 23.3 ± 5.5 | 1.5 | −6.5 | 0.14 | 0.28 |
*P value for mean difference in test score, adjusted for years of education. †Effect size (Cohen d) calculated as t(n1 + n2)/√df(n1 × n2) to account for unequal sample sizes and unequal variances (source: http://www.uccs.edu/lbecker/effect-size.html, accessed 11 December 2014). ‡Statistically significant using a FDR of 0.20. §Estimated verbal IQ calculated as 128.7 − 0.89 (NAART incorrect). ǁTasks in which a higher score indicates worse performance; in all other tasks, higher scores indicate better performance.