Follow-up slope of change . | NHC . | COC . | DMPA . | P† . |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 448 | 430 | 94 | |
LDL cholesterol (mg · dl−1 · year−1) | ||||
Unadjusted | −6.5 ± 1.2 | −9.1 ± 1.4 | −11.3 ± 3.4 | 0.22 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | −7.2 ± 1.2 | −9.4 ± 1.4 | −12.1 ± 3.4 | 0.25 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | −8.3 ± 1.2 | −9.7 ± 1.4 | −13.3 ± 3.4 | 0.34 |
HDL cholesterol (mg · dl−1 · year−1) | ||||
Unadjusted | −1.6 ± 0.4§ | 1.2 ± 0.5§ | −1.5 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | −1.7 ± 0.4§ | 0.9 ± 0.4§ | −1.5 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | −1.6 ± 0.4§ | 1.0 ± 0.4§ | −1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.0001 |
Triglycerides (mg · dl−1 · year−1) | ||||
Unadjusted | −14.4 ± 4.1 | −9.6 ± 4.9 | −12.4 ± 11.3 | 0.76 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | −14.2 ± 3.7 | −10.1 ± 4.4 | −6.3 ± 10.4 | 0.66 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | −14.7 ± 3.7 | −10.4 ± 4.4 | −7.6 ± 10.5 | 0.66 |
SBP (mmHg/year) | ||||
Unadjusted | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | −0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.17 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | −0.9 ± 1.1 | 0.14 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4§ | −1.7 ± 1.1§ | 0.04 |
DBP (mmHg/year) | ||||
Unadjusted | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | −0.1 ± 0.9 | 0.88 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.01 ± 0.9 | 0.93 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | −0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.86 |
Follow-up slope of change . | NHC . | COC . | DMPA . | P† . |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 448 | 430 | 94 | |
LDL cholesterol (mg · dl−1 · year−1) | ||||
Unadjusted | −6.5 ± 1.2 | −9.1 ± 1.4 | −11.3 ± 3.4 | 0.22 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | −7.2 ± 1.2 | −9.4 ± 1.4 | −12.1 ± 3.4 | 0.25 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | −8.3 ± 1.2 | −9.7 ± 1.4 | −13.3 ± 3.4 | 0.34 |
HDL cholesterol (mg · dl−1 · year−1) | ||||
Unadjusted | −1.6 ± 0.4§ | 1.2 ± 0.5§ | −1.5 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | −1.7 ± 0.4§ | 0.9 ± 0.4§ | −1.5 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | −1.6 ± 0.4§ | 1.0 ± 0.4§ | −1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.0001 |
Triglycerides (mg · dl−1 · year−1) | ||||
Unadjusted | −14.4 ± 4.1 | −9.6 ± 4.9 | −12.4 ± 11.3 | 0.76 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | −14.2 ± 3.7 | −10.1 ± 4.4 | −6.3 ± 10.4 | 0.66 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | −14.7 ± 3.7 | −10.4 ± 4.4 | −7.6 ± 10.5 | 0.66 |
SBP (mmHg/year) | ||||
Unadjusted | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | −0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.17 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | −0.9 ± 1.1 | 0.14 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4§ | −1.7 ± 1.1§ | 0.04 |
DBP (mmHg/year) | ||||
Unadjusted | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | −0.1 ± 0.9 | 0.88 |
Adjusted for baseline‡ | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.01 ± 0.9 | 0.93 |
Adjusted for baseline and follow-up‡ | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | −0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.86 |
Slopes (means ± SE) were estimated from random coefficient mixed-effects model.
From the F test with 2 d.f. testing any difference of slopes among all three groups. For triglycerides, log transformation was applied prior to analysis.
Baseline-adjusted covariates included time since delivery, time since delivery × follow-up year, age, BMI, and 1) parity, family history of diabetes, and HDL for LDL cholesterol analysis; 2) family history of diabetes, glucose AUC, LDL, triglycerides, and breastfeeding for HDL cholesterol analysis; 3) parity, glucose AUC, glucose AUC × follow-up year, HDL, and HDL × follow-up year for triglyceride analysis; 4) glucose AUC for SBP analysis; and 5) glucose AUC and triglycerides for DBP analysis. Follow-up covariates included weight change and breastfeeding.
Groups that share the same letter are significantly different by Bonferroni multiple comparison adjustment, as described in research design and methods.