American Diabetes Association

Table 1—

Baseline clinical and metabolic characteristics by glucose tolerance status

	NGT	IGT	Type 2 diabetes
n	1,080	153	208
Sex (M/F)	439/641	50/103	70/138
Age (years)	46 ± 8	48 ± 8^*	52 ± 8^†
BMI (kg/m²)	27.7 ± 4.1	29.4 ± 4.2^*	28.6 ± 4.5^*
Waist circumference (cm)	96 ± 12	99 ± 11^*	100 ± 14^†
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	115 ± 16	123 ± 18^*	126 ± 23^*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	72 ± 10	75 ± 11^*	75 ± 10^*
Alcohol consumption (g/week)	18 ± 41	13 ± 35	8 ± 29^†
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.90 (1.30)	2.38 (1.79)^*	2.44 (1.77)^*
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.89 ± 1.11	5.21 ± 1.18^*	5.37 ± 1.24^*
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.87 ± 0.24	0.85 ± 0.24	0.87 ± 0.24
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	4.6 ± 0.6	5.2 ± 0.7^*	10.2 ± 4.7^†
2-h glucose (mmol/l)	5.3 ± 1.3	8.9 ± 0.9^*	15.0 ± 5.8^†
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)	66 (54)	89 (69)^*	95 (110)^†
2-h insulin (pmol/l)	360 (395)	810 (624)^*	520 (732)^†
Fasting proinsulin (pmol/l)	7.8 (6.0)	12.1 (11.4)^*	19.5 (22.9)^†

	NGT	IGT	Type 2 diabetes
n	1,080	153	208
Sex (M/F)	439/641	50/103	70/138
Age (years)	46 ± 8	48 ± 8^*	52 ± 8^†
BMI (kg/m²)	27.7 ± 4.1	29.4 ± 4.2^*	28.6 ± 4.5^*
Waist circumference (cm)	96 ± 12	99 ± 11^*	100 ± 14^†
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	115 ± 16	123 ± 18^*	126 ± 23^*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	72 ± 10	75 ± 11^*	75 ± 10^*
Alcohol consumption (g/week)	18 ± 41	13 ± 35	8 ± 29^†
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.90 (1.30)	2.38 (1.79)^*	2.44 (1.77)^*
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.89 ± 1.11	5.21 ± 1.18^*	5.37 ± 1.24^*
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.87 ± 0.24	0.85 ± 0.24	0.87 ± 0.24
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	4.6 ± 0.6	5.2 ± 0.7^*	10.2 ± 4.7^†
2-h glucose (mmol/l)	5.3 ± 1.3	8.9 ± 0.9^*	15.0 ± 5.8^†
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)	66 (54)	89 (69)^*	95 (110)^†
2-h insulin (pmol/l)	360 (395)	810 (624)^*	520 (732)^†
Fasting proinsulin (pmol/l)	7.8 (6.0)	12.1 (11.4)^*	19.5 (22.9)^†

Data are means ± SD or, for non-normally distributed variables, median (interquartile range).

P < 0.05 or less for IGT or type 2 diabetes vs. NGT;

†

P < 0.05 or less for type 2 diabetes vs. IGT or NGT by Bonferroni-Dunn test.