American Diabetes Association

Table 3—

Adjusted^* cumulative Medicare charges^† for inpatient and outpatient care from age 65 years to death or to age 80 years (1984–2000) by baseline postload glucose (1967–1973) and sex

Postload glucose^‡	Men									Women
Postload glucose^‡		n	CVD	Diabetes	Cancer	Total	n	CVD	Diabetes	Cancer	Total
<120 (mg/dl)	452	25,741	152	12,572	79,181	403	14,260	309	10,587	62,808
120–199 (mg/dl)	865	26,467	621^¶	13,928	85,560	533	18,909^§	700¶	9,686	73,823
≥200 (mg/dl)	162	30,174	1,699^¶	18,186	91,602	112	21,183^‖	1,079^¶	10,808	87,246^§
P trend^#		0.565	<0.001	0.638	0.949		0.035	<0.001	0.419	0.039
<200 (mg/dl)	1,317	26,220	461	13,466	83,391	936	16,917	531	10,072	69,104
≥200 (mg/dl)	162	30,156	1,686	18,152	91,442	112	21,102	1,075	10,824	87,054
P value^##		0.816	<0.001	0.193	0.308		0.041	0.002	0.173	0.054

Postload glucose^‡	Men									Women
Postload glucose^‡		n	CVD	Diabetes	Cancer	Total	n	CVD	Diabetes	Cancer	Total
<120 (mg/dl)	452	25,741	152	12,572	79,181	403	14,260	309	10,587	62,808
120–199 (mg/dl)	865	26,467	621^¶	13,928	85,560	533	18,909^§	700¶	9,686	73,823
≥200 (mg/dl)	162	30,174	1,699^¶	18,186	91,602	112	21,183^‖	1,079^¶	10,808	87,246^§
P trend^#		0.565	<0.001	0.638	0.949		0.035	<0.001	0.419	0.039
<200 (mg/dl)	1,317	26,220	461	13,466	83,391	936	16,917	531	10,072	69,104
≥200 (mg/dl)	162	30,156	1,686	18,152	91,442	112	21,102	1,075	10,824	87,054
P value^##		0.816	<0.001	0.193	0.308		0.041	0.002	0.173	0.054

Adjusted for baseline age, race (indicator for black), education (years), smoking (cigarettes/day), serum cholesterol (mg/dl), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), minor electrocardiographic abnormalities, and BMI (kg/m²).

†

Charges were adjusted to year 2000 U.S. dollars.

‡

Divide by 18 to convert mg/dl to mmol/l;

P values for trend in charges by glucose level as a continuous variable based on modified Cox models.

P < 0.05,

‖

P < 0.01,

P < 001 for comparisons with the first group (<120 mg/dl) based on modified Cox models.

P value for comparisons between groups <200 mg/dl and ≥200 mg/dl based on modified Cox models.

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