American Diabetes Association

Table 2—

Adjusted^* average annual Medicare charges^† for inpatient and outpatient care from 1984 through 2000 by baseline postload glucose (1967–1973) and sex

Postload glucose^‡	Men									Women
Postload glucose^‡		n	CVD	Diabetes	Cancer	Total	n	CVD	Diabetes	Cancer	Total
Model 1
<120 mg/dl	2,755	2,259	15	990	6,952	2,502	1,261	13	685	5,276
120–199 mg/dl	4,967	2,421^§	56^¶	1,034	7,349	3,659	1,584^‖	74^¶	684	6,253
≥200 mg/dl	858	3,259^‖	138^¶	1,449	9,124^‖	562	2,409^‖	453^¶	967	8,913^§
P trend^#		0.001	<0.001	0.552	0.018		<0.001	<0.001	0.473	0.002
<200 mg/dl	7,722	2,364^§	42	1,018	7,208	6,161	1,453	49	685	5,859
≥200 mg/dl	858	3,255	137	1,448	9,113	562	2,401	452	967	8,889
P value^##		0.049	<0.001	0.939	0.008		0.042	<0.001	0.790	0.053
Model 2
<120 mg/dl		2,412	20	1,009	7,211		1,354	33	699	5,516
120–199 mg/dl		2,388	55^¶	1,034	7,307		1,548	62^¶	679	6,151
≥200 mg/dl		2,960	130^¶	1,385	8,536^§		2,228	443^¶	941	8,508^§
P trend^#		0.315	<0.001	0.531	0.258		0.030	<0.001	0.468	0.002
<200 mg/dl		2,396	43	1,025	7,273		1,470	50	687	5,896
≥200 mg/dl		2,961	129	1,383	8,531		2,220	442	941	8,481
P value^##		0.549	<0.001	0.874	0.055		0.205	<0.001	0.856	0.051

Postload glucose^‡	Men									Women
Postload glucose^‡		n	CVD	Diabetes	Cancer	Total	n	CVD	Diabetes	Cancer	Total
Model 1
<120 mg/dl	2,755	2,259	15	990	6,952	2,502	1,261	13	685	5,276
120–199 mg/dl	4,967	2,421^§	56^¶	1,034	7,349	3,659	1,584^‖	74^¶	684	6,253
≥200 mg/dl	858	3,259^‖	138^¶	1,449	9,124^‖	562	2,409^‖	453^¶	967	8,913^§
P trend^#		0.001	<0.001	0.552	0.018		<0.001	<0.001	0.473	0.002
<200 mg/dl	7,722	2,364^§	42	1,018	7,208	6,161	1,453	49	685	5,859
≥200 mg/dl	858	3,255	137	1,448	9,113	562	2,401	452	967	8,889
P value^##		0.049	<0.001	0.939	0.008		0.042	<0.001	0.790	0.053
Model 2
<120 mg/dl		2,412	20	1,009	7,211		1,354	33	699	5,516
120–199 mg/dl		2,388	55^¶	1,034	7,307		1,548	62^¶	679	6,151
≥200 mg/dl		2,960	130^¶	1,385	8,536^§		2,228	443^¶	941	8,508^§
P trend^#		0.315	<0.001	0.531	0.258		0.030	<0.001	0.468	0.002
<200 mg/dl		2,396	43	1,025	7,273		1,470	50	687	5,896
≥200 mg/dl		2,961	129	1,383	8,531		2,220	442	941	8,481
P value^##		0.549	<0.001	0.874	0.055		0.205	<0.001	0.856	0.051

Model I included baseline age, race (indicator for black), and education (years); model II included all variables in model I in addition to smoking (cigarettes/day), serum cholesterol (mg/dl), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), minor electrocardiographic abnormalities, and BMI (kg/m²).

†

Charges were adjusted to year 2000 U.S. dollars.

‡

Divide by 18 to convert mg/dl to mmol/l.

P values for trend in charges by glucose level as a continuous variable based on modified Cox models;

P < 0.05,

‖

P < 0.01,

P < 0.001 for comparisons with the first group (<120 mg/dl) based on modified Cox models.

P value for comparisons between groups <200 mg/dl and ≥200 mg/dl based on modified Cox models.

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