Clinical and metabolic characteristics of 3,776 subjects with type 2 diabetes, categorized according to WBC count quintiles
| . | 1st quintile (3.50–5.60) . | 2nd quintile (5.70–6.60) . | 3rd quintile (6.70–7.40) . | 4th quintile (7.50–8.60) . | 5th quintile (8.70–12.50) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 723 | 825 | 719 | 742 | 767 | — |
| Age (years) | 59.4 ± 12.9 | 58.6 ± 13.0 | 58.6 ± 13.8 | 59.0 ± 13.8 | 59.4 ± 13.8 | 0.657 |
| Male (%) | 41.1 | 41.7 | 45.3 | 42.9 | 45.2 | 0.351 |
| Smokers (%) | 21.3 | 22.8 | 28.1 | 32.0 | 37.0 | <0.001 |
| Disease duration (years) | 7.4 ± 6.1 | 7.0 ± 6.3 | 7.2 ± 6.4 | 7.2 ± 6.6 | 8.1 ± 7.3 | 0.046 |
| Waist (cm) | 82.2 ± 9.6 | 84.9 ± 9.6 | 85.8 ± 9.7 | 86.3 ± 10.4 | 87.4 ± 10.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 3.6 | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 25.1 ± 3.9 | 25.5 ± 4.2 | 25.6 ± 4.3 | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 21 | 135 ± 20 | 138 ± 22 | 138 ± 22 | 138 ± 22 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 11 | 77 ± 11 | 78 ± 12 | 78 ± 11 | 77 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.44 ± 1.84 | 7.70 ± 1.81 | 7.78 ± 1.81 | 7.92 ± 1.87 | 8.08 ± 1.83 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 8.66 ± 3.51 | 8.83 ± 3.08 | 8.93 ± 3.44 | 9.08 ± 3.51 | 9.12 ± 3.68 | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.27 ± 1.31 | 5.32 ± 1.11 | 5.42 ± 1.18 | 5.48 ± 1.24 | 5.51 ± 1.17 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.36 ± 0.40 | 1.27 ± 0.34 | 1.25 ± 0.37 | 1.23 ± 0.35 | 1.19 ± 0.31 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.26 ± 0.96 | 3.32 ± 0.88 | 3.37 ± 1.00 | 3.42 ± 1.04 | 3.44 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.08 (0.75–1.56) | 1.24 (0.90–1.95) | 1.37 (0.96–2.10) | 1.48 (1.00–2.24) | 1.62 (1.12–2.31) | <0.001 |
| Plasma creatinine (umol/l) | 71 (60–86) | 72 (60–87) | 76 (62–92) | 77 (63–94) | 78 (64–100) | <0.001 |
| UAE (mg/day) | 13.3 (7.59–39.9) | 16.1 (8.1–65.1) | 22.7 (8.9–96.4) | 23.8 (9.8–173.5) | 42.8 (12.3–250.9) | <0.001 |
| . | 1st quintile (3.50–5.60) . | 2nd quintile (5.70–6.60) . | 3rd quintile (6.70–7.40) . | 4th quintile (7.50–8.60) . | 5th quintile (8.70–12.50) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 723 | 825 | 719 | 742 | 767 | — |
| Age (years) | 59.4 ± 12.9 | 58.6 ± 13.0 | 58.6 ± 13.8 | 59.0 ± 13.8 | 59.4 ± 13.8 | 0.657 |
| Male (%) | 41.1 | 41.7 | 45.3 | 42.9 | 45.2 | 0.351 |
| Smokers (%) | 21.3 | 22.8 | 28.1 | 32.0 | 37.0 | <0.001 |
| Disease duration (years) | 7.4 ± 6.1 | 7.0 ± 6.3 | 7.2 ± 6.4 | 7.2 ± 6.6 | 8.1 ± 7.3 | 0.046 |
| Waist (cm) | 82.2 ± 9.6 | 84.9 ± 9.6 | 85.8 ± 9.7 | 86.3 ± 10.4 | 87.4 ± 10.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 3.6 | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 25.1 ± 3.9 | 25.5 ± 4.2 | 25.6 ± 4.3 | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 21 | 135 ± 20 | 138 ± 22 | 138 ± 22 | 138 ± 22 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 11 | 77 ± 11 | 78 ± 12 | 78 ± 11 | 77 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.44 ± 1.84 | 7.70 ± 1.81 | 7.78 ± 1.81 | 7.92 ± 1.87 | 8.08 ± 1.83 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 8.66 ± 3.51 | 8.83 ± 3.08 | 8.93 ± 3.44 | 9.08 ± 3.51 | 9.12 ± 3.68 | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.27 ± 1.31 | 5.32 ± 1.11 | 5.42 ± 1.18 | 5.48 ± 1.24 | 5.51 ± 1.17 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.36 ± 0.40 | 1.27 ± 0.34 | 1.25 ± 0.37 | 1.23 ± 0.35 | 1.19 ± 0.31 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.26 ± 0.96 | 3.32 ± 0.88 | 3.37 ± 1.00 | 3.42 ± 1.04 | 3.44 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.08 (0.75–1.56) | 1.24 (0.90–1.95) | 1.37 (0.96–2.10) | 1.48 (1.00–2.24) | 1.62 (1.12–2.31) | <0.001 |
| Plasma creatinine (umol/l) | 71 (60–86) | 72 (60–87) | 76 (62–92) | 77 (63–94) | 78 (64–100) | <0.001 |
| UAE (mg/day) | 13.3 (7.59–39.9) | 16.1 (8.1–65.1) | 22.7 (8.9–96.4) | 23.8 (9.8–173.5) | 42.8 (12.3–250.9) | <0.001 |
Data are means ± SD or median (interquartile range).