. | Youth . |
---|---|
n | 153 |
Age (years) | 12.9 ± 2.3 |
Sex (% female) | 56 |
Ethnicity | |
White/non-Hispanic white | 138 (90) |
Black/African American | 4 (3) |
Hispanic American | 4 (3) |
Native American | 2 (1) |
Asian American | 1 (<1) |
Other | 4 (3) |
SES* | 3.23 ± 1.56 |
Family status | |
Two-parent family | 123 (81) |
One-parent family | 29 (19) |
Type 1 diabetes duration (years) | 6.4 ± 3.6 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.4 ± 1.4 |
Insulin (units · kg−1 · day−1) | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
BGM | |
One time per day | 4 (3) |
Two times per day | 13 (9) |
Three times per day | 26 (17) |
Four times per day | 83 (54) |
Five or more times per day | 27 (18) |
Insulin injections | |
Two per day | 23 (15) |
Three per day | 78 (51) |
Four or more per day | 16 (10) |
Pump | 36 (24) |
. | Youth . |
---|---|
n | 153 |
Age (years) | 12.9 ± 2.3 |
Sex (% female) | 56 |
Ethnicity | |
White/non-Hispanic white | 138 (90) |
Black/African American | 4 (3) |
Hispanic American | 4 (3) |
Native American | 2 (1) |
Asian American | 1 (<1) |
Other | 4 (3) |
SES* | 3.23 ± 1.56 |
Family status | |
Two-parent family | 123 (81) |
One-parent family | 29 (19) |
Type 1 diabetes duration (years) | 6.4 ± 3.6 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.4 ± 1.4 |
Insulin (units · kg−1 · day−1) | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
BGM | |
One time per day | 4 (3) |
Two times per day | 13 (9) |
Three times per day | 26 (17) |
Four times per day | 83 (54) |
Five or more times per day | 27 (18) |
Insulin injections | |
Two per day | 23 (15) |
Three per day | 78 (51) |
Four or more per day | 16 (10) |
Pump | 36 (24) |
Data are means ±SD or n (%).
Hollingshead index. Scores range from 1 to 6: 1 = major professional (e.g., physician, lawyer); 2 = minor professional (e.g., nurse); 3 = skilled worker (e.g., administrative personnel); 4 = semi-skilled worker (e.g., data entry personnel); 5 = unskilled worker (e.g., truck driver); and 6 = unemployed/retired/student.