Health insurance coverage among adults with diabetes by age, 2009 and 2016
| . | Prevalence of health insurance coverage . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Age 18–64 years . | Age ≥65 years . | ||
| . | 2009 . | 2016 . | 2009 . | 2016 . |
| n | 1,581 | 1,723 | 1,120 | 1,796 |
| Total | 84.7 (1.37) | 90.1 (1.03)* | 99.7 (0.19) | 99.5 (0.19) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–39 | 78.2 (3.81) | 84.5 (3.20) | NA | NA |
| 40–49 | 84.4 (2.74) | 89.5 (2.71) | NA | NA |
| 50–59 | 85.9 (1.79) | 91.0 (1.63)† | NA | NA |
| 60–64 | 87.0 (2.74) | 92.7 (1.43) | NA | NA |
| 65–74 | NA | NA | 99.5 (0.30) | 99.3 (0.30) |
| ≥75 | NA | NA | 99.8 (0.20) | 99.9 (0.11) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 84.8 (1.80) | 92.8 (1.22)* | 99.8 (0.19) | 99.5 (0.27) |
| Female | 84.7 (1.71) | 87.6 (1.65) | 99.5 (0.33) | 99.5 (0.28) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 87.6 (1.83) | 92.6 (1.27)† | 100.0 (0.0) | 99.9 (0.06) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 85.4 (2.27) | 91.4 (1.94)† | 99.8 (0.15) | 99.8 (0.16) |
| Hispanic | 72.0 (3.63) | 81.9 (3.52)† | 98.3 (1.51) | 96.9 (1.48) |
| Mexican American | 71.6 (4.22) | 78.9 (4.87) | 97.5 (2.48) | 94.8 (2.44) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 91.3 (4.28) | 95.1 (4.20) | 96.5 (2.43) | 100.0 |
| Non-Hispanic other | 68.3 (13.4) | 73.0 (6.36) | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 71.4 (3.78) | 86.4 (2.49)* | 99.6 (0.31) | 98.2 (0.83) |
| High school graduate | 86.2 (2.02) | 86.1 (2.48) | 99.4 (0.53) | 100.0 |
| Greater than high school education | 89.6 (1.40) | 93.4 (1.13)† | 99.9 (0.06) | 99.9 (0.08) |
| Family income ($) | ||||
| <35,000 | 75.7 (2.34) | 86.0 (2.00)* | 99.8 (0.10) | 99.3 (0.35) |
| 35,000–49,999 | 76.7 (4.44) | 85.0 (3.82) | 100.0 | 99.3 (0.62) |
| 50,000–74,999 | 90.6 (2.15) | 88.5 (2.63) | 100.0 | 99.3 (0.74) |
| 75,000–99,999 | 94.9 (2.07) | 97.6 (1.59) | 97.5 (2.48) | 100.0 |
| ≥100,000 | 96.0 (1.53) | 96.1 (2.01) | 98.7 (1.27) | 100.0 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or living with partner | 86.2 (1.81) | 90.7 (1.36)† | 99.6 (0.31) | 99.5 (0.30) |
| Divorced or separated | 82.7 (3.11) | 88.9 (1.92) | 99.8 (0.17) | 99.1 (0.58) |
| Widowed | 85.0 (5.34) | 95.3 (2.19) | 99.9 (0.11) | 99.8 (0.17) |
| Never married | 80.2 (3.53) | 88.2 (2.59) | 98.4 (1.14) | 99.6 (0.40) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | ||||
| <5 | 80.8 (2.34) | 89.9 (1.73)* | 99.8 (0.15) | 98.5 (0.97) |
| 5–15 | 87.3 (1.58) | 88.7 (1.77) | 99.5 (0.40) | 100.0 |
| >15 | 87.6 (3.08) | 94.7 (1.21)† | 99.7 (0.28) | 99.5 (0.29) |
| Diabetes medication | ||||
| Insulin only | 85.6 (3.38) | 92.5 (1.87) | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Oral only | 84.4 (1.74) | 90.1 (1.48)† | 99.6 (0.28) | 99.3 (0.32) |
| Insulin and oral | 90.7 (2.50) | 95.1 (1.33) | 99.3 (0.66) | 99.9 (0.13) |
| None | 80.5 (2.92) | 83.1 (3.41) | 99.8 (0.15) | 99.5 (0.37) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 86.7 (1.53) | 91.4 (1.06)† | 99.9 (0.06) | 99.6 (0.18) |
| No | 81.2 (2.21) | 87.4 (2.30) | 98.6 (0.99) | 99.1 (0.68) |
| Heart condition/disease‡ | ||||
| Yes | 90.5 (1.91) | 93.1 (2.29) | 100.0 | 99.8 (0.11) |
| No | 83.1 (1.58) | 89.2 (1.13)* | 99.4 (0.32) | 99.4 (0.30) |
| Weak or failing kidneys§ | ||||
| Yes | 86.4 (4.73) | 93.4 (2.08) | 100.0 | 98.9 (1.07) |
| No | 84.6 (1.36) | 89.9 (1.10)* | 99.6 (0.21) | 99.6 (0.17) |
| Vision problems‖ | ||||
| Yes | 81.7 (3.43) | 89.0 (2.45) | 99.5 (0.46) | 99.5 (0.40) |
| No | 85.3 (1.35) | 90.4 (1.20)* | 99.7 (0.21) | 99.5 (0.22) |
| Visited physician in past 12 months | ||||
| Yes | 87.6 (1.29) | 92.3 (0.98)* | 99.7 (0.20) | 99.7 (0.16) |
| No | 68.8 (3.95) | 78.2 (3.51) | 99.3 (0.51) | 97.6 (1.68) |
| Visited eye doctor in past 12 months | ||||
| Yes | 93.0 (0.99) | 94.5 (0.89) | 99.8 (0.14) | 99.7 (0.17) |
| No | 75.3 (2.43) | 84.9 (1.93)* | 99.3 (0.50) | 99.0 (0.53) |
| Visited foot doctor in past 12 months | ||||
| Yes | 94.0 (2.86) | 93.0 (1.90) | 99.3 (0.62) | 99.9 (0.13) |
| No | 82.8 (1.41) | 89.4 (1.21)* | 99.8 (0.14) | 99.4 (0.27) |
| . | Prevalence of health insurance coverage . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Age 18–64 years . | Age ≥65 years . | ||
| . | 2009 . | 2016 . | 2009 . | 2016 . |
| n | 1,581 | 1,723 | 1,120 | 1,796 |
| Total | 84.7 (1.37) | 90.1 (1.03)* | 99.7 (0.19) | 99.5 (0.19) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–39 | 78.2 (3.81) | 84.5 (3.20) | NA | NA |
| 40–49 | 84.4 (2.74) | 89.5 (2.71) | NA | NA |
| 50–59 | 85.9 (1.79) | 91.0 (1.63)† | NA | NA |
| 60–64 | 87.0 (2.74) | 92.7 (1.43) | NA | NA |
| 65–74 | NA | NA | 99.5 (0.30) | 99.3 (0.30) |
| ≥75 | NA | NA | 99.8 (0.20) | 99.9 (0.11) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 84.8 (1.80) | 92.8 (1.22)* | 99.8 (0.19) | 99.5 (0.27) |
| Female | 84.7 (1.71) | 87.6 (1.65) | 99.5 (0.33) | 99.5 (0.28) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 87.6 (1.83) | 92.6 (1.27)† | 100.0 (0.0) | 99.9 (0.06) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 85.4 (2.27) | 91.4 (1.94)† | 99.8 (0.15) | 99.8 (0.16) |
| Hispanic | 72.0 (3.63) | 81.9 (3.52)† | 98.3 (1.51) | 96.9 (1.48) |
| Mexican American | 71.6 (4.22) | 78.9 (4.87) | 97.5 (2.48) | 94.8 (2.44) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 91.3 (4.28) | 95.1 (4.20) | 96.5 (2.43) | 100.0 |
| Non-Hispanic other | 68.3 (13.4) | 73.0 (6.36) | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 71.4 (3.78) | 86.4 (2.49)* | 99.6 (0.31) | 98.2 (0.83) |
| High school graduate | 86.2 (2.02) | 86.1 (2.48) | 99.4 (0.53) | 100.0 |
| Greater than high school education | 89.6 (1.40) | 93.4 (1.13)† | 99.9 (0.06) | 99.9 (0.08) |
| Family income ($) | ||||
| <35,000 | 75.7 (2.34) | 86.0 (2.00)* | 99.8 (0.10) | 99.3 (0.35) |
| 35,000–49,999 | 76.7 (4.44) | 85.0 (3.82) | 100.0 | 99.3 (0.62) |
| 50,000–74,999 | 90.6 (2.15) | 88.5 (2.63) | 100.0 | 99.3 (0.74) |
| 75,000–99,999 | 94.9 (2.07) | 97.6 (1.59) | 97.5 (2.48) | 100.0 |
| ≥100,000 | 96.0 (1.53) | 96.1 (2.01) | 98.7 (1.27) | 100.0 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or living with partner | 86.2 (1.81) | 90.7 (1.36)† | 99.6 (0.31) | 99.5 (0.30) |
| Divorced or separated | 82.7 (3.11) | 88.9 (1.92) | 99.8 (0.17) | 99.1 (0.58) |
| Widowed | 85.0 (5.34) | 95.3 (2.19) | 99.9 (0.11) | 99.8 (0.17) |
| Never married | 80.2 (3.53) | 88.2 (2.59) | 98.4 (1.14) | 99.6 (0.40) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | ||||
| <5 | 80.8 (2.34) | 89.9 (1.73)* | 99.8 (0.15) | 98.5 (0.97) |
| 5–15 | 87.3 (1.58) | 88.7 (1.77) | 99.5 (0.40) | 100.0 |
| >15 | 87.6 (3.08) | 94.7 (1.21)† | 99.7 (0.28) | 99.5 (0.29) |
| Diabetes medication | ||||
| Insulin only | 85.6 (3.38) | 92.5 (1.87) | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Oral only | 84.4 (1.74) | 90.1 (1.48)† | 99.6 (0.28) | 99.3 (0.32) |
| Insulin and oral | 90.7 (2.50) | 95.1 (1.33) | 99.3 (0.66) | 99.9 (0.13) |
| None | 80.5 (2.92) | 83.1 (3.41) | 99.8 (0.15) | 99.5 (0.37) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 86.7 (1.53) | 91.4 (1.06)† | 99.9 (0.06) | 99.6 (0.18) |
| No | 81.2 (2.21) | 87.4 (2.30) | 98.6 (0.99) | 99.1 (0.68) |
| Heart condition/disease‡ | ||||
| Yes | 90.5 (1.91) | 93.1 (2.29) | 100.0 | 99.8 (0.11) |
| No | 83.1 (1.58) | 89.2 (1.13)* | 99.4 (0.32) | 99.4 (0.30) |
| Weak or failing kidneys§ | ||||
| Yes | 86.4 (4.73) | 93.4 (2.08) | 100.0 | 98.9 (1.07) |
| No | 84.6 (1.36) | 89.9 (1.10)* | 99.6 (0.21) | 99.6 (0.17) |
| Vision problems‖ | ||||
| Yes | 81.7 (3.43) | 89.0 (2.45) | 99.5 (0.46) | 99.5 (0.40) |
| No | 85.3 (1.35) | 90.4 (1.20)* | 99.7 (0.21) | 99.5 (0.22) |
| Visited physician in past 12 months | ||||
| Yes | 87.6 (1.29) | 92.3 (0.98)* | 99.7 (0.20) | 99.7 (0.16) |
| No | 68.8 (3.95) | 78.2 (3.51) | 99.3 (0.51) | 97.6 (1.68) |
| Visited eye doctor in past 12 months | ||||
| Yes | 93.0 (0.99) | 94.5 (0.89) | 99.8 (0.14) | 99.7 (0.17) |
| No | 75.3 (2.43) | 84.9 (1.93)* | 99.3 (0.50) | 99.0 (0.53) |
| Visited foot doctor in past 12 months | ||||
| Yes | 94.0 (2.86) | 93.0 (1.90) | 99.3 (0.62) | 99.9 (0.13) |
| No | 82.8 (1.41) | 89.4 (1.21)* | 99.8 (0.14) | 99.4 (0.27) |
Data are % (SE). NA, not applicable.
*P < 0.01, 2016 vs. 2009.
†P < 0.05, 2016 vs. 2009.
‡Includes coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, and other heart conditions.
§Weak or failing kidneys does not include kidney stones, bladder infections, or incontinence.
‖Trouble seeing even with glasses or contact lenses.