QI interventions designed to improve glycemic control: targets, specific strategies, and study designs
| Targets of QI and specific strategies . | RCT (n = 19) . | Controlled before-after analyses (n = 11) . | Uncontrolled before-after analyses and other designs (n = 16) . | Total (n = 46) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| System | ||||
| Disease management | 10 (52.6) | 10 (90.9) | 11 (68.8) | 31 (67.4) |
| Team changes | 8 (42.1) | 7 (36.6) | 7 (43.8) | 22 (47.8) |
| Electronic registry | 3 (15.8) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (18.8) | 8 (17.4) |
| Facilitated relay | 6 (31.6) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (12.5) | 9 (19.6) |
| Continuous QI | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (18.8) | 4 (8.7) |
| Enhancing efficiency | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Standardizing care | 6 (31.6) | 2 (18.2) | 5 (31.3) | 13 (28.3) |
| Practitioner | ||||
| Audit and feedback | 6 (31.6) | 0 (0) | 4 (25.0) | 10 (21.7) |
| Provider education | 3 (15.8) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (12.5) | 6 (13.0) |
| Provider decision support | 4 (21.1) | 3 (27.3) | 4 (25.0) | 11 (23.9) |
| Incentives for providers | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 3 (6.5) |
| Patient | ||||
| Tailoring care for group | 7 (36.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (25.0) | 11 (23.9) |
| Patient education | 14 (73.7) | 8 (72.7) | 13 (81.3) | 35 (76.1) |
| Patient self-management | 9 (47.4) | 9 (81.8) | 11 (68.8) | 29 (60.3) |
| Patient reminders | 6 (31.6) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (18.8) | 11 (23.9) |
| Incentives for patients | 3 (15.8) | 2 (18.2) | 2 (12.5) | 4 (8.7) |
| Targets of QI and specific strategies . | RCT (n = 19) . | Controlled before-after analyses (n = 11) . | Uncontrolled before-after analyses and other designs (n = 16) . | Total (n = 46) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| System | ||||
| Disease management | 10 (52.6) | 10 (90.9) | 11 (68.8) | 31 (67.4) |
| Team changes | 8 (42.1) | 7 (36.6) | 7 (43.8) | 22 (47.8) |
| Electronic registry | 3 (15.8) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (18.8) | 8 (17.4) |
| Facilitated relay | 6 (31.6) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (12.5) | 9 (19.6) |
| Continuous QI | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (18.8) | 4 (8.7) |
| Enhancing efficiency | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Standardizing care | 6 (31.6) | 2 (18.2) | 5 (31.3) | 13 (28.3) |
| Practitioner | ||||
| Audit and feedback | 6 (31.6) | 0 (0) | 4 (25.0) | 10 (21.7) |
| Provider education | 3 (15.8) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (12.5) | 6 (13.0) |
| Provider decision support | 4 (21.1) | 3 (27.3) | 4 (25.0) | 11 (23.9) |
| Incentives for providers | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 3 (6.5) |
| Patient | ||||
| Tailoring care for group | 7 (36.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (25.0) | 11 (23.9) |
| Patient education | 14 (73.7) | 8 (72.7) | 13 (81.3) | 35 (76.1) |
| Patient self-management | 9 (47.4) | 9 (81.8) | 11 (68.8) | 29 (60.3) |
| Patient reminders | 6 (31.6) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (18.8) | 11 (23.9) |
| Incentives for patients | 3 (15.8) | 2 (18.2) | 2 (12.5) | 4 (8.7) |
Data are n (%).