American Diabetes Association

Table 2

Se, Sp, and J for each risk factor to predict any IA, IAA-first, or GADA-first at age of 6 years or progression to T1D at 3 years from the appearance of multiple autoantibodies

	At age of 6 years									Progression to T1D at year 3
	Any IA			IAA-first			GADA-first			Progression to T1D at year 3
Risk factor	Se	Sp	J	Se	Sp	J	Se	Sp	J	Se	Sp	J
Family history (FDR vs. GP)	0.214	0.886	0.100	0.226	0.886	0.112	0.193	0.886	0.079
Sex (female vs. male)	0.547	0.491	0.038	0.564	0.491	0.055	0.532	0.491	0.023	0.517	0.598	0.115
HLA genotype (DR3/4 vs. others)	0.498	0.619	0.117	0.485	0.619	0.104	0.484	0.619	0.103
Probiotics introduction age (<28 days vs. ≥28 days)	0.943	0.078	0.020	0.945	0.078	0.023	0.959	0.078	0.036
Weight z score at 12 months (≥median vs. <median)	0.550	0.509	0.059	0.511	0.509	0.020	0.605	0.509	0.114
First infant formula type during the first 7 days of life (extensively hydrolyzed vs. other)	0.045	0.972	0.017	0.056	0.972	0.028	0.037	0.972	0.009
First infant formula type during the first 3 months of life (extensively hydrolyzed vs. other)	0.050	0.966	0.015	0.060	0.966	0.025	0.041	0.966	0.006
Age at multiple persistent confirmed autoantibodies (months) (≥median vs. <median)										0.732	0.496	0.228
Type of first autoantibody (≥2 autoantibodies vs. 1 autoantibody)										0.370	0.756	0.127
rs1004446 (INS)	0.463	0.606	0.069	0.488	0.606	0.093	0.416	0.606	0.022	0.538	0.551	0.089
rs10517086	0.511	0.514	0.025	0.511	0.514	0.025	0.508	0.486	−0.006	0.545	0.457	0.002
rs1534422										0.796	0.295	0.091
rs2327832 (TNFAIP3)										0.391	0.658	0.049
rs1143678 (ITGAM)	0.746	0.268	0.014	0.726	0.268	−0.006	0.762	0.268	0.030
rs12708716 (CLEC16A)	0.475	0.561	0.036	0.442	0.561	0.003	0.480	0.561	0.042
rs2292239 (ERBB3)	0.624	0.472	0.096	0.621	0.472	0.093	0.640	0.472	0.112
rs2476601 (PTPN22)	0.309	0.802	0.111	0.321	0.802	0.123	0.294	0.802	0.095
rs2816316 (RGS1)	0.344	0.673	0.016	0.328	0.673	0.000	0.337	0.673	0.010
rs3184504 (SH2B3)	0.755	0.315	0.069	0.725	0.315	0.040	0.791	0.315	0.105
rs4597342 (ITGAM)	0.582	0.436	0.018	0.456	0.564	0.020	0.595	0.436	0.031
rs4948088 (COBL)	0.936	0.086	0.022	0.951	0.086	0.037	0.921	0.086	0.008

	At age of 6 years									Progression to T1D at year 3
	Any IA			IAA-first			GADA-first			Progression to T1D at year 3
Risk factor	Se	Sp	J	Se	Sp	J	Se	Sp	J	Se	Sp	J
Family history (FDR vs. GP)	0.214	0.886	0.100	0.226	0.886	0.112	0.193	0.886	0.079
Sex (female vs. male)	0.547	0.491	0.038	0.564	0.491	0.055	0.532	0.491	0.023	0.517	0.598	0.115
HLA genotype (DR3/4 vs. others)	0.498	0.619	0.117	0.485	0.619	0.104	0.484	0.619	0.103
Probiotics introduction age (<28 days vs. ≥28 days)	0.943	0.078	0.020	0.945	0.078	0.023	0.959	0.078	0.036
Weight z score at 12 months (≥median vs. <median)	0.550	0.509	0.059	0.511	0.509	0.020	0.605	0.509	0.114
First infant formula type during the first 7 days of life (extensively hydrolyzed vs. other)	0.045	0.972	0.017	0.056	0.972	0.028	0.037	0.972	0.009
First infant formula type during the first 3 months of life (extensively hydrolyzed vs. other)	0.050	0.966	0.015	0.060	0.966	0.025	0.041	0.966	0.006
Age at multiple persistent confirmed autoantibodies (months) (≥median vs. <median)										0.732	0.496	0.228
Type of first autoantibody (≥2 autoantibodies vs. 1 autoantibody)										0.370	0.756	0.127
rs1004446 (INS)	0.463	0.606	0.069	0.488	0.606	0.093	0.416	0.606	0.022	0.538	0.551	0.089
rs10517086	0.511	0.514	0.025	0.511	0.514	0.025	0.508	0.486	−0.006	0.545	0.457	0.002
rs1534422										0.796	0.295	0.091
rs2327832 (TNFAIP3)										0.391	0.658	0.049
rs1143678 (ITGAM)	0.746	0.268	0.014	0.726	0.268	−0.006	0.762	0.268	0.030
rs12708716 (CLEC16A)	0.475	0.561	0.036	0.442	0.561	0.003	0.480	0.561	0.042
rs2292239 (ERBB3)	0.624	0.472	0.096	0.621	0.472	0.093	0.640	0.472	0.112
rs2476601 (PTPN22)	0.309	0.802	0.111	0.321	0.802	0.123	0.294	0.802	0.095
rs2816316 (RGS1)	0.344	0.673	0.016	0.328	0.673	0.000	0.337	0.673	0.010
rs3184504 (SH2B3)	0.755	0.315	0.069	0.725	0.315	0.040	0.791	0.315	0.105
rs4597342 (ITGAM)	0.582	0.436	0.018	0.456	0.564	0.020	0.595	0.436	0.031
rs4948088 (COBL)	0.936	0.086	0.022	0.951	0.086	0.037	0.921	0.086	0.008

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