. | Model . | Fasting serum insulin (% diff.) . | 2-h serum insulin (% diff.) . | ISI0–120 (% diff.) . | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N . | Npe . | Estimate . | P . | N . | Npe . | Estimate . | P . | N . | Npe . | Estimate . | P . | ||
rHR (10 bpm) | 1 | 3,631 | 9,000 | 3.4 (2.0; 4.8) | <0.001 | 3,631 | 9,000 | 4.0 (2.2; 5.9) | <0.001 | 3,631 | 9,000 | −2.0 (−2.9; −1.0) | <0.001 |
2 | 3,631 | 9,000 | 3.3 (1.8; 4.8) | <0.001 | 3,631 | 9,000 | 3.3 (1.3; 5.3) | 0.001 | 3,631 | 9,000 | −1.4 (−2.4; −0.3) | 0.009 | |
SDNN (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −2.4 (−5.2; 0.4) | 0.089 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −5.1 (−9.1; −1.0) | 0.016 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 3.1 (0.7; 5.5) | 0.010 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.5 (−3.3; 2.3) | 0.726 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −3.1 (−7.1; 1.1) | 0.146 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 1.8 (−0.5; 4.1) | 0.134 | |
RMSSD (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.4 (−3.5; 0.7) | 0.177 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −2.3 (−5.2; 0.7) | 0.134 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.9 (−0.8; 2.6) | 0.304 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.5 (−2.5; 1.6) | 0.643 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.0 (−4.0; 2.0) | 0.504 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.1 (−1.6; 1.7) | 0.932 | |
LF power (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.2 (−2.4; 0.1) | 0.069 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −2.1 (−3.9; −0.2) | 0.027 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 1.4 (0.4; 2.4) | 0.008 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.1 (−1.4; 1.1) | 0.822 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.1 (−2.9; 0.8) | 0.256 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.7 (−0.3; 1.7) | 0.156 | |
HF power (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.1 (−2.2; 0.0) | 0.046 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.4 (−3.0; 0.1) | 0.073 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.7 (−0.1; 1.6) | 0.102 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.3 (−1.3; 0.8) | 0.601 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.5 (−2.1; 1.1) | 0.521 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.1 (−0.7; 1.0) | 0.743 | |
LF-to-HF ratio (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.5 (−1.1; 2.2) | 0.556 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.5 (−2.8; 2.0) | 0.699 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.8 (−0.5; 2.0) | 0.246 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.4 (−1.2; 2.0) | 0.620 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.7 (−3.1; 1.6) | 0.537 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 1.0 (−0.3; 2.2) | 0.140 | |
Total power (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.3 (−2.7; 0.2) | 0.080 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −2.5 (−4.6; −0.4) | 0.018 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 1.6 (0.4; 2.7) | 0.008 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.2 (−1.6; 1.2) | 0.745 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.5 (−3.6; 0.6) | 0.167 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.9 (−0.2; 2.1) | 0.117 |
. | Model . | Fasting serum insulin (% diff.) . | 2-h serum insulin (% diff.) . | ISI0–120 (% diff.) . | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N . | Npe . | Estimate . | P . | N . | Npe . | Estimate . | P . | N . | Npe . | Estimate . | P . | ||
rHR (10 bpm) | 1 | 3,631 | 9,000 | 3.4 (2.0; 4.8) | <0.001 | 3,631 | 9,000 | 4.0 (2.2; 5.9) | <0.001 | 3,631 | 9,000 | −2.0 (−2.9; −1.0) | <0.001 |
2 | 3,631 | 9,000 | 3.3 (1.8; 4.8) | <0.001 | 3,631 | 9,000 | 3.3 (1.3; 5.3) | 0.001 | 3,631 | 9,000 | −1.4 (−2.4; −0.3) | 0.009 | |
SDNN (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −2.4 (−5.2; 0.4) | 0.089 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −5.1 (−9.1; −1.0) | 0.016 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 3.1 (0.7; 5.5) | 0.010 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.5 (−3.3; 2.3) | 0.726 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −3.1 (−7.1; 1.1) | 0.146 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 1.8 (−0.5; 4.1) | 0.134 | |
RMSSD (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.4 (−3.5; 0.7) | 0.177 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −2.3 (−5.2; 0.7) | 0.134 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.9 (−0.8; 2.6) | 0.304 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.5 (−2.5; 1.6) | 0.643 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.0 (−4.0; 2.0) | 0.504 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.1 (−1.6; 1.7) | 0.932 | |
LF power (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.2 (−2.4; 0.1) | 0.069 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −2.1 (−3.9; −0.2) | 0.027 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 1.4 (0.4; 2.4) | 0.008 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.1 (−1.4; 1.1) | 0.822 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.1 (−2.9; 0.8) | 0.256 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.7 (−0.3; 1.7) | 0.156 | |
HF power (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.1 (−2.2; 0.0) | 0.046 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.4 (−3.0; 0.1) | 0.073 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.7 (−0.1; 1.6) | 0.102 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.3 (−1.3; 0.8) | 0.601 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.5 (−2.1; 1.1) | 0.521 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.1 (−0.7; 1.0) | 0.743 | |
LF-to-HF ratio (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.5 (−1.1; 2.2) | 0.556 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.5 (−2.8; 2.0) | 0.699 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.8 (−0.5; 2.0) | 0.246 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.4 (−1.2; 2.0) | 0.620 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.7 (−3.1; 1.6) | 0.537 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 1.0 (−0.3; 2.2) | 0.140 | |
Total power (doubling) | 1 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.3 (−2.7; 0.2) | 0.080 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −2.5 (−4.6; −0.4) | 0.018 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 1.6 (0.4; 2.7) | 0.008 |
2 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −0.2 (−1.6; 1.2) | 0.745 | 2,519 | 5,709 | −1.5 (−3.6; 0.6) | 0.167 | 2,519 | 5,709 | 0.9 (−0.2; 2.1) | 0.117 |
Model 1, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, study phase, and baseline value of the outcome studied. For HRV indices, further adjustment for heart rate obtained as part of the HRV analyses. Model 2, further adjustment for BMI, physical activity, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, tricyclic antidepressants, diuretics, and β-blockers. diff., difference; N, number of participants used in the particular analysis; Npe, number of person-examinations used in the particular analysis; P, P value for the test of the effect being equal to zero.