Variables . | Heart failure event . | Overall . | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes, n = 237 . | No, n = 2,861 . | n = 3,098 . | |
Female (%) | 83 (35) | 1,162 (41) | 1,245 (40) |
Age (years) | 70 (7)* | 66 (7) | 67 (7) |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 10.0 (7.6)* | 7.5 (6.2) | 7.7 (6.3) |
Current smoking (%) | 30 (13) | 426 (15) | 456 (15) |
History of myocardial infarction (%) | 61 (26)* | 98 (3) | 159 (5) |
History of hospitalization for heart failure (%) | 38 (16)* | 98 (3) | 136 (4) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.7 (5.6) | 30.0 (5.2) | 30.0 (5.2) |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
Systolic | 149 (23) | 147 (21) | 147 (21) |
Diastolic | 80 (12)* | 82 (11) | 82 (11) |
Heart rate (bpm) | 74 (13) | 73 (12) | 73 (12) |
Current or previous atrial fibrillation (%) | 49 (21)* | 275 (10) | 324 (10) |
Pathological Q-wave on ECG (%) | 51 (22)* | 307 (11) | 358 (12) |
LVH on ECG (%) | 37 (16)* | 222 (8) | 259 (8) |
Aspirin or other antiplatelet agent (%) | 143 (60)* | 1,378 (48) | 1,521 (49) |
β-Blocker (%) | 71 (30) | 856 (30) | 927 (30) |
Calcium channel blocker (%) | 106 (45)* | 815 (28) | 921 (30) |
Diuretics¶ (%) | 119 (50)* | 823 (29) | 942 (30) |
ACE inhibitors¶ or ARB (%) | 175 (74)* | 1,628 (57) | 1,803 (58) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.03 (1.13) | 5.16 (1.17) | 5.15 (1.17) |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.17 (0.28)* | 1.23 (0.33) | 1.23 (0.33) |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.60 (1.22, 2.30) | 1.70 (1.20, 2.34) | 1.70 (1.20, 2.33) |
Statin or other cholesterol-lowering agent (%) | 101 (43) | 1,265 (44) | 1,366 (44) |
HbA1c (%) | 7.8 (1.5)* | 7.4 (1.4) | 7.4 (1.4) |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 61.3 (16.0)* | 56.9 (15.1) | 57.2 (15.2) |
Thiazolidinedione (%) | 7 (3) | 126 (4) | 133 (4) |
Other oral antidiabetic agents (%) | 219 (92) | 2,562 (90) | 2,781 (90) |
Insulin (%) | 4 (2) | 37 (1) | 41 (1.3) |
Urinary ACR (µg/mg) | 30.9 (10.4, 91.1)* | 12.9 (6.2, 32.7) | 13.5 (6.2, 36.2) |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 63 (18)* | 73 (16) | 72 (17) |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 3.05 (2.13, 4.49)* | 2.19 (1.57, 3.21) | 2.26 (1.61, 3.33) |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.35 (1.19, 5.89)* | 1.75 (0.84, 3.91) | 1.80 (0.86, 4.03) |
hs-cTnT (ng/L) | 12.0 (6.0, 20.0)* | 5.0 (1.5, 10.0) | 5.0 (1.5, 10.0) |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 353.0 (131.0, 819.0)* | 75.0 (31.0, 172.0) | 84.0 (33.0, 203.0) |
Variables . | Heart failure event . | Overall . | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes, n = 237 . | No, n = 2,861 . | n = 3,098 . | |
Female (%) | 83 (35) | 1,162 (41) | 1,245 (40) |
Age (years) | 70 (7)* | 66 (7) | 67 (7) |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 10.0 (7.6)* | 7.5 (6.2) | 7.7 (6.3) |
Current smoking (%) | 30 (13) | 426 (15) | 456 (15) |
History of myocardial infarction (%) | 61 (26)* | 98 (3) | 159 (5) |
History of hospitalization for heart failure (%) | 38 (16)* | 98 (3) | 136 (4) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.7 (5.6) | 30.0 (5.2) | 30.0 (5.2) |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
Systolic | 149 (23) | 147 (21) | 147 (21) |
Diastolic | 80 (12)* | 82 (11) | 82 (11) |
Heart rate (bpm) | 74 (13) | 73 (12) | 73 (12) |
Current or previous atrial fibrillation (%) | 49 (21)* | 275 (10) | 324 (10) |
Pathological Q-wave on ECG (%) | 51 (22)* | 307 (11) | 358 (12) |
LVH on ECG (%) | 37 (16)* | 222 (8) | 259 (8) |
Aspirin or other antiplatelet agent (%) | 143 (60)* | 1,378 (48) | 1,521 (49) |
β-Blocker (%) | 71 (30) | 856 (30) | 927 (30) |
Calcium channel blocker (%) | 106 (45)* | 815 (28) | 921 (30) |
Diuretics¶ (%) | 119 (50)* | 823 (29) | 942 (30) |
ACE inhibitors¶ or ARB (%) | 175 (74)* | 1,628 (57) | 1,803 (58) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.03 (1.13) | 5.16 (1.17) | 5.15 (1.17) |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.17 (0.28)* | 1.23 (0.33) | 1.23 (0.33) |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.60 (1.22, 2.30) | 1.70 (1.20, 2.34) | 1.70 (1.20, 2.33) |
Statin or other cholesterol-lowering agent (%) | 101 (43) | 1,265 (44) | 1,366 (44) |
HbA1c (%) | 7.8 (1.5)* | 7.4 (1.4) | 7.4 (1.4) |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 61.3 (16.0)* | 56.9 (15.1) | 57.2 (15.2) |
Thiazolidinedione (%) | 7 (3) | 126 (4) | 133 (4) |
Other oral antidiabetic agents (%) | 219 (92) | 2,562 (90) | 2,781 (90) |
Insulin (%) | 4 (2) | 37 (1) | 41 (1.3) |
Urinary ACR (µg/mg) | 30.9 (10.4, 91.1)* | 12.9 (6.2, 32.7) | 13.5 (6.2, 36.2) |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 63 (18)* | 73 (16) | 72 (17) |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 3.05 (2.13, 4.49)* | 2.19 (1.57, 3.21) | 2.26 (1.61, 3.33) |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.35 (1.19, 5.89)* | 1.75 (0.84, 3.91) | 1.80 (0.86, 4.03) |
hs-cTnT (ng/L) | 12.0 (6.0, 20.0)* | 5.0 (1.5, 10.0) | 5.0 (1.5, 10.0) |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 353.0 (131.0, 819.0)* | 75.0 (31.0, 172.0) | 84.0 (33.0, 203.0) |
Values are mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables.
ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.
*P < 0.05 vs. patients without heart failure event.
¶Randomized blood pressure–lowering treatment with perindopril-indapamide was not included.