Characteristics of participants at follow-up visit: comparisons using non–HDL-C*
| . | Stable normal n = 1,020 . | Stable abnormal n = 105 . | Progression n = 285 . | Regression n = 68 . | P value* . | P value* . | P value* . | P value* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Mean ± SD or n (%) . | Mean ± SD or n (%) . | Mean ± SD or n (%) . | Mean ± SD or n (%) . | Overall among four groups . | Progression vs. stable normal . | Stable abnormal vs. stable normal . | Regression vs. stable normal . |
| Age (years) | 17.68 ± 4.14 | 17.88 ± 4.15 | 18.53 ± 3.73 | 18.49 ± 4.58 | 0.0111 | 0.0019 | 0.6198 | 0.1121 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.0225 | 0.0530 | 0.0224 | 0.5495 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic | ||||||||
| White | 806 (79.1) | 71 (67.6) | 206 (72.3) | 58 (85.3) | ||||
| Black | 88 (8.6) | 18 (17.1) | 30 (10.5) | 4 (5.9) | ||||
| Hispanic | 110 (10.8) | 14 (13.3) | 40 (14.0) | 6 (8.8) | ||||
| Other | 15 (1.5) | 2 (1.9) | 9 (3.2) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Male sex | 535 (52.5) | 42 (40.0) | 130 (45.6) | 36 (52.9) | 0.0288 | 0.0412 | 0.0151 | 0.9375 |
| BMI z score | 0.52 ± 0.93 | 1.01 ± 0.99 | 0.77 ± 0.92 | 0.32 ± 1.11 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0924 |
| WHtR | 0.49 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.10 | 0.53 ± 0.08 | 0.49 ± 0.08 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.7894 |
| Type 1 diabetes duration (years) | 7.73 ± 1.85 | 7.97 ± 1.91 | 8.07 ± 1.93 | 8.14 ± 1.97 | 0.0184 | 0.0069 | 0.2082 | 0.0792 |
| A1C (%) | 8.90 ± 1.66 | 9.80 ± 1.96 | 9.92 ± 2.02 | 8.78 ± 1.97 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.5943 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 153.54 ± 21.23 | 211.56 ± 29.96 | 209.54 ± 30.67 | 166.13 ± 18.94 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 82.57 ± 17.08 | 136.57 ± 26.32 | 128.26 ± 22.63 | 95.74 ± 12.09 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 56.32 ± 13.56 | 49.67 ± 13.64 | 52.36 ± 12.46 | 53.72 ± 12.68 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.1198 |
| Non–HDL-C (mg/dL) | 97.22 ± 18.68 | 161.90 ± 29.54 | 157.18 ± 29.57 | 112.41 ± 12.15 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| TGs† (mg/dL), median (Q1, Q3) | 65.0 (51, 86) | 107.0 (76, 157) | 115.0 (89, 167) | 74.5 (57.5, 94.5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0259 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 106.02 ± 10.77 | 106.84 ± 9.84 | 106.32 ± 11.01 | 105.95 ± 12.39 | 0.8801 | ^ | ^ | ^ |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 68.31 ± 8.55 | 69.93 ± 8.53 | 70.28 ± 9.29 | 67.49 ± 9.50 | 0.0022 | 0.0008 | 0.0707 | 0.4512 |
| . | Stable normal n = 1,020 . | Stable abnormal n = 105 . | Progression n = 285 . | Regression n = 68 . | P value* . | P value* . | P value* . | P value* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Mean ± SD or n (%) . | Mean ± SD or n (%) . | Mean ± SD or n (%) . | Mean ± SD or n (%) . | Overall among four groups . | Progression vs. stable normal . | Stable abnormal vs. stable normal . | Regression vs. stable normal . |
| Age (years) | 17.68 ± 4.14 | 17.88 ± 4.15 | 18.53 ± 3.73 | 18.49 ± 4.58 | 0.0111 | 0.0019 | 0.6198 | 0.1121 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.0225 | 0.0530 | 0.0224 | 0.5495 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic | ||||||||
| White | 806 (79.1) | 71 (67.6) | 206 (72.3) | 58 (85.3) | ||||
| Black | 88 (8.6) | 18 (17.1) | 30 (10.5) | 4 (5.9) | ||||
| Hispanic | 110 (10.8) | 14 (13.3) | 40 (14.0) | 6 (8.8) | ||||
| Other | 15 (1.5) | 2 (1.9) | 9 (3.2) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Male sex | 535 (52.5) | 42 (40.0) | 130 (45.6) | 36 (52.9) | 0.0288 | 0.0412 | 0.0151 | 0.9375 |
| BMI z score | 0.52 ± 0.93 | 1.01 ± 0.99 | 0.77 ± 0.92 | 0.32 ± 1.11 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0924 |
| WHtR | 0.49 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.10 | 0.53 ± 0.08 | 0.49 ± 0.08 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.7894 |
| Type 1 diabetes duration (years) | 7.73 ± 1.85 | 7.97 ± 1.91 | 8.07 ± 1.93 | 8.14 ± 1.97 | 0.0184 | 0.0069 | 0.2082 | 0.0792 |
| A1C (%) | 8.90 ± 1.66 | 9.80 ± 1.96 | 9.92 ± 2.02 | 8.78 ± 1.97 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.5943 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 153.54 ± 21.23 | 211.56 ± 29.96 | 209.54 ± 30.67 | 166.13 ± 18.94 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 82.57 ± 17.08 | 136.57 ± 26.32 | 128.26 ± 22.63 | 95.74 ± 12.09 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 56.32 ± 13.56 | 49.67 ± 13.64 | 52.36 ± 12.46 | 53.72 ± 12.68 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.1198 |
| Non–HDL-C (mg/dL) | 97.22 ± 18.68 | 161.90 ± 29.54 | 157.18 ± 29.57 | 112.41 ± 12.15 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| TGs† (mg/dL), median (Q1, Q3) | 65.0 (51, 86) | 107.0 (76, 157) | 115.0 (89, 167) | 74.5 (57.5, 94.5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0259 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 106.02 ± 10.77 | 106.84 ± 9.84 | 106.32 ± 11.01 | 105.95 ± 12.39 | 0.8801 | ^ | ^ | ^ |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 68.31 ± 8.55 | 69.93 ± 8.53 | 70.28 ± 9.29 | 67.49 ± 9.50 | 0.0022 | 0.0008 | 0.0707 | 0.4512 |
Q, quartile.
*Comparisons among groups evaluated using one-way ANOVA (continuous) or χ2 tests (categorical);
^pairwise tests are not reported where the overall test across four groups is not statistically significant (P > 0.05);
†tested using log (TGs).