Participant characteristics at baseline
| . | Total (n = 182) . | Enhanced UC (n = 45) . | DECIDE Self-Study (n = 46) . | DECIDE Individual (n = 45) . | DECIDE Group (n = 46) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | 57.18 (10.55) | 54.51 (10.34) | 60.57 (10.27)* | 54.82 (9.31) | 58.72 (11.21) |
| Female, n (%) | 127 (70%) | 32 (71%) | 33 (72%) | 30 (67%) | 32 (70%) |
| Education (years) | 13.21 (2.30) | 13.51 (2.27) | 12.76 (2.55) | 13.38 (1.83) | 13.22 (2.49) |
| Literacy (WRAT-3) | 8.79 (3.59) | 9.48 (2.90) | 8.33 (3.80) | 8.62 (3.88) | 8.74 (3.72) |
| >12th grade, n (%) | 48 (27%) | 9 (20%) | 12 (27%) | 14 (31%) | 13 (29%) |
| 9–12th grade, n (%) | 46 (26%) | 17 (38%) | 8 (18%) | 9 (20%) | 12 (27%) |
| 5–8th grade, n (%) | 51 (28%) | 14 (31%) | 16 (36%) | 13 (29%) | 8 (18%) |
| <5th grade, n (%) | 35 (19%) | 5 (11%) | 9 (20%) | 9 (20%) | 12 (27%) |
| Annual income <$10,830, n (%) | 55 (30%) | 9 (20%) | 13 (28%) | 18 (40%) | 16 (35%) |
| A1C (%), mmol/mol | 9.03 (1.70), 75 | 9.24 (1.69), 77 | 8.78 (1.65), 72 | 9.18 (1.68), 77 | 8.93 (1.81), 74 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.58 (23.22) | 134.34 (20.69) | 143.64 (24.46) | 136.01 (22.84) | 136.22 (24.29) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 95.09 (14.38) | 93.50 (13.71) | 98.11 (14.82) | 94.80 (15.04) | 93.92 (13.94) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 53.69 (17.03) | 51.20 (13.88) | 54.41 (20.77) | 51.98 (15.04) | 57.04 (17.42) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 105.54 (39.36) | 115.11 (54.19) | 97.83 (32.26) | 100.91 (28.56) | 108.33 (36.37) |
| Total Health Problem-Solving Scale | 19.99 (3.91) | 19.83 (3.24) | 19.97 (4.12) | 19.95 (4.22) | 20.21 (4.10) |
| Diabetes and CVD knowledge | 12.56 (2.47) | 12.89 (2.52) | 12.16 (2.47) | 12.42 (2.77) | 12.76 (2.08) |
| General diet (no. days) | 4.03 (2.02) | 3.99 (2.03) | 4.20 (1.77) | 4.19 (1.92) | 3.75 (2.34) |
| Specific diet (no. days) | 3.79 (1.84) | 3.50 (1.73) | 4.16 (1.93) | 4.00 (1.61) | 3.52 (2.02) |
| Exercise (no. days) | 3.38 (2.34) | 3.00 (2.50) | 3.03 (2.16) | 3.77 (2.37) | 3.67 (2.28) |
| Blood glucose testing (no. days) | 4.42 (2.70) | 4.61 (2.71) | 5.08 (2.34) | 3.91 (2.63) | 4.08 (2.99) |
| PHQ-2 | 1.44 (1.64) | 1.84 (1.81) | 1.22 (1.68) | 1.38 (1.47) | 1.30 (1.56) |
| PHQ-2 positive screen, n (%) | 41 (23%) | 14 (8%) | 7 (4%) | 10 (6%) | 10 (6%) |
| Insulin shot, n (%) | 111 (61%) | 29 (64%) | 28 (61%) | 27 (60%) | 27 (59%) |
| Diabetes pills, n (%) | 132 (73%) | 31 (69%) | 33 (72%) | 30 (67%) | 38 (83%) |
| . | Total (n = 182) . | Enhanced UC (n = 45) . | DECIDE Self-Study (n = 46) . | DECIDE Individual (n = 45) . | DECIDE Group (n = 46) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | 57.18 (10.55) | 54.51 (10.34) | 60.57 (10.27)* | 54.82 (9.31) | 58.72 (11.21) |
| Female, n (%) | 127 (70%) | 32 (71%) | 33 (72%) | 30 (67%) | 32 (70%) |
| Education (years) | 13.21 (2.30) | 13.51 (2.27) | 12.76 (2.55) | 13.38 (1.83) | 13.22 (2.49) |
| Literacy (WRAT-3) | 8.79 (3.59) | 9.48 (2.90) | 8.33 (3.80) | 8.62 (3.88) | 8.74 (3.72) |
| >12th grade, n (%) | 48 (27%) | 9 (20%) | 12 (27%) | 14 (31%) | 13 (29%) |
| 9–12th grade, n (%) | 46 (26%) | 17 (38%) | 8 (18%) | 9 (20%) | 12 (27%) |
| 5–8th grade, n (%) | 51 (28%) | 14 (31%) | 16 (36%) | 13 (29%) | 8 (18%) |
| <5th grade, n (%) | 35 (19%) | 5 (11%) | 9 (20%) | 9 (20%) | 12 (27%) |
| Annual income <$10,830, n (%) | 55 (30%) | 9 (20%) | 13 (28%) | 18 (40%) | 16 (35%) |
| A1C (%), mmol/mol | 9.03 (1.70), 75 | 9.24 (1.69), 77 | 8.78 (1.65), 72 | 9.18 (1.68), 77 | 8.93 (1.81), 74 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.58 (23.22) | 134.34 (20.69) | 143.64 (24.46) | 136.01 (22.84) | 136.22 (24.29) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 95.09 (14.38) | 93.50 (13.71) | 98.11 (14.82) | 94.80 (15.04) | 93.92 (13.94) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 53.69 (17.03) | 51.20 (13.88) | 54.41 (20.77) | 51.98 (15.04) | 57.04 (17.42) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 105.54 (39.36) | 115.11 (54.19) | 97.83 (32.26) | 100.91 (28.56) | 108.33 (36.37) |
| Total Health Problem-Solving Scale | 19.99 (3.91) | 19.83 (3.24) | 19.97 (4.12) | 19.95 (4.22) | 20.21 (4.10) |
| Diabetes and CVD knowledge | 12.56 (2.47) | 12.89 (2.52) | 12.16 (2.47) | 12.42 (2.77) | 12.76 (2.08) |
| General diet (no. days) | 4.03 (2.02) | 3.99 (2.03) | 4.20 (1.77) | 4.19 (1.92) | 3.75 (2.34) |
| Specific diet (no. days) | 3.79 (1.84) | 3.50 (1.73) | 4.16 (1.93) | 4.00 (1.61) | 3.52 (2.02) |
| Exercise (no. days) | 3.38 (2.34) | 3.00 (2.50) | 3.03 (2.16) | 3.77 (2.37) | 3.67 (2.28) |
| Blood glucose testing (no. days) | 4.42 (2.70) | 4.61 (2.71) | 5.08 (2.34) | 3.91 (2.63) | 4.08 (2.99) |
| PHQ-2 | 1.44 (1.64) | 1.84 (1.81) | 1.22 (1.68) | 1.38 (1.47) | 1.30 (1.56) |
| PHQ-2 positive screen, n (%) | 41 (23%) | 14 (8%) | 7 (4%) | 10 (6%) | 10 (6%) |
| Insulin shot, n (%) | 111 (61%) | 29 (64%) | 28 (61%) | 27 (60%) | 27 (59%) |
| Diabetes pills, n (%) | 132 (73%) | 31 (69%) | 33 (72%) | 30 (67%) | 38 (83%) |
Data are mean (SD), except where indicated.
*Significantly different mean between Enhanced UC and Self-Study conditions at P < 0.05.