Sample Characteristics (n = 443,932)
| Independent Variables | Value | Dependent Variables | Value |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 77.19 (7.88) | Use of prevention services | |
| Sex | Used any prevention services | 401,312 (90.4) | |
| Male | 195,073 (43.9) | Did not use prevention services | 42,620 (9.6) |
| Female | 248,859 (56.1) | Weighted PSMU, mean (SD) | 113.81 (161.08) |
| Race | EM costs, $, mean (SD) | 1,100.23 (2,600) | |
| White | 364,156 (82.0) | EM events, mean (SD) | 10.97 (26.4) |
| Black | 64,475 (14.5) | EM annual total costs, $ | 493,006,677 |
| A/PI | 5,564 (1.3) | EM annual total events | 4,868,904 |
| Hispanic | 8,185 (1.8) | EM cost/event, $ | 101.25 |
| AIAN | 1,552 (0.3) | EM weight | 4.93 |
| Part D subsidy | IMG costs, $, mean (SD) | 279.61 (462.11) | |
| Full subsidy | 68,048 (15.3) | IMG events, mean (SD) | 5.49 (7.91) |
| Partial subsidy | 14,733 (3.3) | IMG annual total costs, $ | 125,482,451 |
| No subsidy | 361,151 (81.4) | IMG annual total events | 2,461,186 |
| Patient location | IMG cost/event, $ | 50.98 | |
| Rural | 46,882 (10.6) | IMG weight, weight | 2.48 |
| Urban | 397,050 (89.4) | LAB costs, $, mean (SD) | 303.81 (502.04) |
| Combinations of diabetes and MCCs | LAB events, mean (SD) | 14.81 (21.45) | |
| Diabetes | 109,901 (24.8) | LAB annual total costs, $ | 136,375,532 |
| Diabetes + CHF | 25,534 (5.8) | LAB annual total events | 6,644,491 |
| Diabetes + cancer | 17,667 (4.0) | LAB cost/event, $ | 20.52 |
| Diabetes + COPD | 25,927 (5.8) | LAB weight | 1 |
| Diabetes + stroke | 10,700 (2.4) | Part B costs, $, mean (SD) | 650.03 (650.09) |
| Diabetes + CKD | 23,790 (5.4) | Part B events, mean (SD) | 7.65 (7.82) |
| Diabetes + CHF/COPD | 21,623 (4.9) | Part B annual total costs, $ | 291,679,736 |
| Diabetes + CHF/CKD | 20,185 (4.5) | Part B annual total events | 3,433,480 |
| Diabetes + CHF/COPD/CKD | 27,335 (6.2) | Part B cost/event, $ | 84.95 |
| Diabetes + CHF/COPD/stroke/CKD | 15,408 (3.5) | Part B weight | 4.14 |
| Diabetes + all other combinations of MCCs | 145,862 (32.9) |
| Independent Variables | Value | Dependent Variables | Value |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 77.19 (7.88) | Use of prevention services | |
| Sex | Used any prevention services | 401,312 (90.4) | |
| Male | 195,073 (43.9) | Did not use prevention services | 42,620 (9.6) |
| Female | 248,859 (56.1) | Weighted PSMU, mean (SD) | 113.81 (161.08) |
| Race | EM costs, $, mean (SD) | 1,100.23 (2,600) | |
| White | 364,156 (82.0) | EM events, mean (SD) | 10.97 (26.4) |
| Black | 64,475 (14.5) | EM annual total costs, $ | 493,006,677 |
| A/PI | 5,564 (1.3) | EM annual total events | 4,868,904 |
| Hispanic | 8,185 (1.8) | EM cost/event, $ | 101.25 |
| AIAN | 1,552 (0.3) | EM weight | 4.93 |
| Part D subsidy | IMG costs, $, mean (SD) | 279.61 (462.11) | |
| Full subsidy | 68,048 (15.3) | IMG events, mean (SD) | 5.49 (7.91) |
| Partial subsidy | 14,733 (3.3) | IMG annual total costs, $ | 125,482,451 |
| No subsidy | 361,151 (81.4) | IMG annual total events | 2,461,186 |
| Patient location | IMG cost/event, $ | 50.98 | |
| Rural | 46,882 (10.6) | IMG weight, weight | 2.48 |
| Urban | 397,050 (89.4) | LAB costs, $, mean (SD) | 303.81 (502.04) |
| Combinations of diabetes and MCCs | LAB events, mean (SD) | 14.81 (21.45) | |
| Diabetes | 109,901 (24.8) | LAB annual total costs, $ | 136,375,532 |
| Diabetes + CHF | 25,534 (5.8) | LAB annual total events | 6,644,491 |
| Diabetes + cancer | 17,667 (4.0) | LAB cost/event, $ | 20.52 |
| Diabetes + COPD | 25,927 (5.8) | LAB weight | 1 |
| Diabetes + stroke | 10,700 (2.4) | Part B costs, $, mean (SD) | 650.03 (650.09) |
| Diabetes + CKD | 23,790 (5.4) | Part B events, mean (SD) | 7.65 (7.82) |
| Diabetes + CHF/COPD | 21,623 (4.9) | Part B annual total costs, $ | 291,679,736 |
| Diabetes + CHF/CKD | 20,185 (4.5) | Part B annual total events | 3,433,480 |
| Diabetes + CHF/COPD/CKD | 27,335 (6.2) | Part B cost/event, $ | 84.95 |
| Diabetes + CHF/COPD/stroke/CKD | 15,408 (3.5) | Part B weight | 4.14 |
| Diabetes + all other combinations of MCCs | 145,862 (32.9) |
All values are n (%) except where otherwise noted.