. | DPV . | T1DX . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | 2010–2012 . | 2016–2018 . | P value . | 2010–2012 . | 2016–2018 . | P value . |
Male sex | 52.2 | 52.4 | 0.5654 | 51.2 | 51.6 | 0.5975 |
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,463 | 9,979 | ||
Age (years) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 12.9 ± 3.7 | 13.1 ± 3.7 | 11.8 ± 3.6 | 13.0 ± 3.5 | ||
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,463 | 9,979 | ||
Diabetes duration (years) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 5.5 ± 3.6 | 6.7 ± 3.7 | 5.1 ± 3.5 | 7.3 ± 3.5 | ||
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,463 | 9,979 | ||
Minority status† | 19.1 | 23.9 | <0.0001 | 20.9 | 22.3 | 0.0194 |
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,463 | 9,979 | ||
BMI z score | 0.7498 | 0.0012 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 0.67 ± 0.9 | 0.67 ± 1.03 | 0.89 ± 1.04 | 0.93 ± 1.11 | ||
n | 22,917 | 26,543 | 10,315 | 9,838 | ||
HbA1c | ||||||
% | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 8.0 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 1.7 | ||
n | 22,872 | 26,400 | 10,409 | 9,601 | ||
mmol/mol | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 63.9 ± 15.7 | 62.9 ± 15.3 | 69.3 ± 15.8 | 74.0 ± 19.0 | ||
n | 22,872 | 26,400 | 10,409 | 9,601 | ||
HbA1c <7.5%* | 41.2 | 43.5 | <0.0001 | 22.1 | 17.3 | <0.0001 |
n | 22,872 | 26,400 | 10,409 | 9,601 | ||
Pump use | 43.9 | 56.6 | <0.0001 | 57.3 | 64.9 | <0.0001 |
n | 23,166 | 26,667 | 10,419 | 9,803 | ||
CGM use | 4.0 | 48.7 | <0.0001 | 5.9 | 30.1 | <0.0001 |
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,409 | 9,665 |
. | DPV . | T1DX . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | 2010–2012 . | 2016–2018 . | P value . | 2010–2012 . | 2016–2018 . | P value . |
Male sex | 52.2 | 52.4 | 0.5654 | 51.2 | 51.6 | 0.5975 |
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,463 | 9,979 | ||
Age (years) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 12.9 ± 3.7 | 13.1 ± 3.7 | 11.8 ± 3.6 | 13.0 ± 3.5 | ||
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,463 | 9,979 | ||
Diabetes duration (years) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 5.5 ± 3.6 | 6.7 ± 3.7 | 5.1 ± 3.5 | 7.3 ± 3.5 | ||
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,463 | 9,979 | ||
Minority status† | 19.1 | 23.9 | <0.0001 | 20.9 | 22.3 | 0.0194 |
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,463 | 9,979 | ||
BMI z score | 0.7498 | 0.0012 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 0.67 ± 0.9 | 0.67 ± 1.03 | 0.89 ± 1.04 | 0.93 ± 1.11 | ||
n | 22,917 | 26,543 | 10,315 | 9,838 | ||
HbA1c | ||||||
% | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 8.0 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 1.7 | ||
n | 22,872 | 26,400 | 10,409 | 9,601 | ||
mmol/mol | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Mean ± SD | 63.9 ± 15.7 | 62.9 ± 15.3 | 69.3 ± 15.8 | 74.0 ± 19.0 | ||
n | 22,872 | 26,400 | 10,409 | 9,601 | ||
HbA1c <7.5%* | 41.2 | 43.5 | <0.0001 | 22.1 | 17.3 | <0.0001 |
n | 22,872 | 26,400 | 10,409 | 9,601 | ||
Pump use | 43.9 | 56.6 | <0.0001 | 57.3 | 64.9 | <0.0001 |
n | 23,166 | 26,667 | 10,419 | 9,803 | ||
CGM use | 4.0 | 48.7 | <0.0001 | 5.9 | 30.1 | <0.0001 |
n | 23,167 | 26,670 | 10,409 | 9,665 |
Data are % unless otherwise indicated.
Defined as birthplace outside of Germany for the patient or for one or both parents in DPV and as not belonging to the non-Hispanic White group in T1DX.
Recommended HbA1c target by the American Diabetes Association and International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes during the study period.