. | . | Model 1, unadjusted . | Model 2, adjusted for nonmodifiable covariates (age and country of birth) . | Model 3, additionally adjusted for modifiable covariates (employment status, diabetes distress, natural day length, and glucose-lowering medication) . | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1 . | Final step (step 5) . | Step 1 . | Final step (step 7) . | Step 1 . | Final step (step 10) . | |||||||||||||||||
Underlying sleep variable . | Sleep measure . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | R2, % . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | R2, % . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | R2, % . |
Sleep quantity | Sleep duration, min | −0.976/0.880 | −1.967 to −0.015/−0.110 to 1.869 | 0.054/0.081 | −0.931/0.810 | −1.873 to 0.012/−0.133 to 1.753 | 0.053/0.092 | 10.3 | −0.950/0.859 | −1.933 to −0.034/−0.123 to 1.841 | 0.058/0.086 | −0.127 | −0.271 to 0.017 | 0.084 | 6.7 | −0.867/0.810 | −1.810 to −0.088/−0.146 to 1.753 | 0.075/0.097 | −0.892/0.805 | −1.783 to 0.012/−0.100 to 1.697 | 0.053/0.081 | 6.0 |
Sleep efficiency, % | −0.016 | −0.195 to 0.162 | −0.016 | −0.193 to 0.161 | 0.860 | −0.040 | −0.214 to 0.135 | 0.656 | ||||||||||||||
Sleep variability | Variability in sleep duration, min | 0.136 | −0.042 to 0.313 | 0.179 | 0.030–0.327 | 0.019 | 0.100 | −0.078 to 0.279 | 0.268 | 0.148 | −0.004 to 0.300 | 0.056 | 0.060 | −0.114 to 0.232 | 0.500 | |||||||
Variability in midsleep time, min | 0.083 | −0.090 to 0.256 | 0.071 | −0.100 to 0.243 | 0.414 | 0.033 | −0.133 to 0.199 | 0.697 | ||||||||||||||
Midsleep time | Midsleep time, time | −0.018 | −0.186 to 0.149 | −0.023 | −0.189 to 0.143 | 0.788 | −0.004 | −0.165 to 0.158 | 0.965 | |||||||||||||
Sleep complaints | Sleep quality, PSQI score | 0.261 | −0.006 to 0.527 | 0.136 | −0.014 to 0.286 | 0.076 | 0.290 | 0.026–0.555 | 0.026 | 0.148 | 0.000–0.296 | 0.050 | 0.290 | 0.030–0.544 | 0.029 | 0.179 | 0.037–0.317 | 0.014 | ||||
Insomnia symptoms, ISI score | −0.146 | −0.404 to 0.111 | −0.196 | −0.455 to 0.063 | 0.137 | −0.225 | −0.485 to 0.041 | 0.098 | ||||||||||||||
Nonmodifiable covariates | Age | −0.144 | −0.303 to 0.014 | 0.073 | −0.160 | −0.309 to −0.012 | 0.035 | 4.5 | 0.003 | −0.178 to 0.184 | 0.975 | 13.3 | ||||||||||
Country of birth | 0.066 | −0.090 to 0.223 | 0.404 | 0.018 | −0.142 to 0.178 | 0.827 | ||||||||||||||||
Modifiable covariates | Employment status | 0.223 | 0.052–0.390 | 0.011 | 0.241 | 0.098–0.378 | 0.001 | |||||||||||||||
Diabetes distress | 0.113 | −0.066 to 0.290 | 0.215 | |||||||||||||||||||
Glucose-lowering medication | 0.190 | 0.042–0.336 | 0.012 | 0.242 | 0.101–0.379 | 0.001 | ||||||||||||||||
Natural day length | −0.086 | −0.237 to 0.067 | 0.270 |
. | . | Model 1, unadjusted . | Model 2, adjusted for nonmodifiable covariates (age and country of birth) . | Model 3, additionally adjusted for modifiable covariates (employment status, diabetes distress, natural day length, and glucose-lowering medication) . | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1 . | Final step (step 5) . | Step 1 . | Final step (step 7) . | Step 1 . | Final step (step 10) . | |||||||||||||||||
Underlying sleep variable . | Sleep measure . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | R2, % . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | R2, % . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | β (/β2) . | 95% CI . | P value . | R2, % . |
Sleep quantity | Sleep duration, min | −0.976/0.880 | −1.967 to −0.015/−0.110 to 1.869 | 0.054/0.081 | −0.931/0.810 | −1.873 to 0.012/−0.133 to 1.753 | 0.053/0.092 | 10.3 | −0.950/0.859 | −1.933 to −0.034/−0.123 to 1.841 | 0.058/0.086 | −0.127 | −0.271 to 0.017 | 0.084 | 6.7 | −0.867/0.810 | −1.810 to −0.088/−0.146 to 1.753 | 0.075/0.097 | −0.892/0.805 | −1.783 to 0.012/−0.100 to 1.697 | 0.053/0.081 | 6.0 |
Sleep efficiency, % | −0.016 | −0.195 to 0.162 | −0.016 | −0.193 to 0.161 | 0.860 | −0.040 | −0.214 to 0.135 | 0.656 | ||||||||||||||
Sleep variability | Variability in sleep duration, min | 0.136 | −0.042 to 0.313 | 0.179 | 0.030–0.327 | 0.019 | 0.100 | −0.078 to 0.279 | 0.268 | 0.148 | −0.004 to 0.300 | 0.056 | 0.060 | −0.114 to 0.232 | 0.500 | |||||||
Variability in midsleep time, min | 0.083 | −0.090 to 0.256 | 0.071 | −0.100 to 0.243 | 0.414 | 0.033 | −0.133 to 0.199 | 0.697 | ||||||||||||||
Midsleep time | Midsleep time, time | −0.018 | −0.186 to 0.149 | −0.023 | −0.189 to 0.143 | 0.788 | −0.004 | −0.165 to 0.158 | 0.965 | |||||||||||||
Sleep complaints | Sleep quality, PSQI score | 0.261 | −0.006 to 0.527 | 0.136 | −0.014 to 0.286 | 0.076 | 0.290 | 0.026–0.555 | 0.026 | 0.148 | 0.000–0.296 | 0.050 | 0.290 | 0.030–0.544 | 0.029 | 0.179 | 0.037–0.317 | 0.014 | ||||
Insomnia symptoms, ISI score | −0.146 | −0.404 to 0.111 | −0.196 | −0.455 to 0.063 | 0.137 | −0.225 | −0.485 to 0.041 | 0.098 | ||||||||||||||
Nonmodifiable covariates | Age | −0.144 | −0.303 to 0.014 | 0.073 | −0.160 | −0.309 to −0.012 | 0.035 | 4.5 | 0.003 | −0.178 to 0.184 | 0.975 | 13.3 | ||||||||||
Country of birth | 0.066 | −0.090 to 0.223 | 0.404 | 0.018 | −0.142 to 0.178 | 0.827 | ||||||||||||||||
Modifiable covariates | Employment status | 0.223 | 0.052–0.390 | 0.011 | 0.241 | 0.098–0.378 | 0.001 | |||||||||||||||
Diabetes distress | 0.113 | −0.066 to 0.290 | 0.215 | |||||||||||||||||||
Glucose-lowering medication | 0.190 | 0.042–0.336 | 0.012 | 0.242 | 0.101–0.379 | 0.001 | ||||||||||||||||
Natural day length | −0.086 | −0.237 to 0.067 | 0.270 |
P < 0.05 in boldface.