. | Subgroup A . | Subgroup B . | LDSC . | BUHMBOX . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rga . | Pa . | Number of SNPs . | GRS, P valueb . | GRS, β (95% CI)b . | BUHMBOX, P valueb . | |||
Age at diagnosis (years)c | ≤17 | >17 | 0.87 | 1.54 × 10−26 | 106 | 2.70 × 10−130 | 0.31 (0.28–0.34) | 3.80 × 10−9 |
Number of autoantibodies | Single | Multiple | 0.90 | 1.01 × 10−20 | 121 | 1.40 × 10−130 | 0.22 (0.20–0.24) | 7.29 × 10−48 |
GADA | Negative | Positive | 0.91 | 2.72 × 10−29 | 134 | 1.21 × 10−56 | 0.17 (0.15–0.19) | 1.18 × 10−35 |
IA-2A | Negative | Positive | 0.98 | 3.29 × 10−42 | 117 | 2.87 × 10−91 | 0.17 (0.15–0.19) | 4.89 × 10−60 |
ZnT8A | Negative | Positive | 0.92 | 1.71 × 10−4 | 108 | 1.89 × 10−109 | 0.21 (0.19–0.24) | 1.12 × 10−24 |
. | Subgroup A . | Subgroup B . | LDSC . | BUHMBOX . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rga . | Pa . | Number of SNPs . | GRS, P valueb . | GRS, β (95% CI)b . | BUHMBOX, P valueb . | |||
Age at diagnosis (years)c | ≤17 | >17 | 0.87 | 1.54 × 10−26 | 106 | 2.70 × 10−130 | 0.31 (0.28–0.34) | 3.80 × 10−9 |
Number of autoantibodies | Single | Multiple | 0.90 | 1.01 × 10−20 | 121 | 1.40 × 10−130 | 0.22 (0.20–0.24) | 7.29 × 10−48 |
GADA | Negative | Positive | 0.91 | 2.72 × 10−29 | 134 | 1.21 × 10−56 | 0.17 (0.15–0.19) | 1.18 × 10−35 |
IA-2A | Negative | Positive | 0.98 | 3.29 × 10−42 | 117 | 2.87 × 10−91 | 0.17 (0.15–0.19) | 4.89 × 10−60 |
ZnT8A | Negative | Positive | 0.92 | 1.71 × 10−4 | 108 | 1.89 × 10−109 | 0.21 (0.19–0.24) | 1.12 × 10−24 |
IA-2A, insulinoma-2–associated autoantibodies.
aEstimated genetic correlation based on all genotyped SNPs with LDSC.
bEstimated sharing of the genetic basis of different subgroups with Mendelian randomization and BUHMBOX using the independent significant SNPs of subgroup B (P < 1 × 10−4). A significant GRS P value indicates evidence of shared genetic structure; significant BUHMBOX P value indicates evidence of subgroup heterogeneity.
cT1D patients were divided into early onset (≤17 years) and late onset (>17 years) subgroups based on median of age at diagnosis in case subjects.