Association of maternal GDM status during pregnancy with dichotomous child metabolic outcomes
| Dichotomous child glucose outcome . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | Model 4 . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFG-ADA | OR 1.11 | Risk difference 0.0066 | OR 1.11 | Risk difference 0.0063 | OR 1.09 | Risk difference 0.005 | OR 1.09 | Risk difference 0.005 |
| 95% CI 0.79–1.54 | 95% CI −0.018 to 0.031 | 95% CI 0.79–1.54 | 95% CI −0.019 to 0.031 | 95% CI 0.78–1.52 | 95% CI −0.019 to 0.031 | 95% CI 0.78–1.52 | 95% CI −0.019 to 0.031 | |
| P = 0.55 | P = 0.60 | P = 0.58 | P = 0.62 | P = 0.62 | P = 0.54 | P = 0.61 | P = 0.64 | |
| C-statistic = 0.78 | C-statistic = 0.78 | C-statistic = 0.78 | C-statistic = 0.78 | |||||
| IGT | OR 1.91 | Risk difference 0.046 | OR 1.96 | Risk difference 0.047 | OR 1.87 | Risk difference 0.044 | OR 1.96 | Risk difference 0.047 |
| 95% CI 1.38–2.64 | 95% CI 0.020–0.071 | 95% CI 1.41–2.72 | 95% CI 0.022–0.073 | 95% CI 1.35–2.59 | 95% CI 0.019–0.070 | 95% CI 1.41–2.73 | 95% CI 0.021–0.072 | |
| P < 0.0001 | P = 0.0004 | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.0003 | P = 0.0001 | P = 0.0007 | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.0004 | |
| C-statistic = 0.70 | C-statistic = 0.70 | C-statistic = 0.71 | C-statistic = 0.71 | |||||
| Dichotomous child glucose outcome . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | Model 4 . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFG-ADA | OR 1.11 | Risk difference 0.0066 | OR 1.11 | Risk difference 0.0063 | OR 1.09 | Risk difference 0.005 | OR 1.09 | Risk difference 0.005 |
| 95% CI 0.79–1.54 | 95% CI −0.018 to 0.031 | 95% CI 0.79–1.54 | 95% CI −0.019 to 0.031 | 95% CI 0.78–1.52 | 95% CI −0.019 to 0.031 | 95% CI 0.78–1.52 | 95% CI −0.019 to 0.031 | |
| P = 0.55 | P = 0.60 | P = 0.58 | P = 0.62 | P = 0.62 | P = 0.54 | P = 0.61 | P = 0.64 | |
| C-statistic = 0.78 | C-statistic = 0.78 | C-statistic = 0.78 | C-statistic = 0.78 | |||||
| IGT | OR 1.91 | Risk difference 0.046 | OR 1.96 | Risk difference 0.047 | OR 1.87 | Risk difference 0.044 | OR 1.96 | Risk difference 0.047 |
| 95% CI 1.38–2.64 | 95% CI 0.020–0.071 | 95% CI 1.41–2.72 | 95% CI 0.022–0.073 | 95% CI 1.35–2.59 | 95% CI 0.019–0.070 | 95% CI 1.41–2.73 | 95% CI 0.021–0.072 | |
| P < 0.0001 | P = 0.0004 | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.0003 | P = 0.0001 | P = 0.0007 | P < 0.0001 | P = 0.0004 | |
| C-statistic = 0.70 | C-statistic = 0.70 | C-statistic = 0.71 | C-statistic = 0.71 | |||||
Model 1 was adjusted for field center + child age, sex, and pubertal status (Tanner stage 1, 2/3, 4/5, and sex × Tanner stage interaction) + maternal variables at pregnancy OGTT (age, height, mean arterial pressure, parity [0 or 1+], smoking [yes/no], drinking [yes/no], and gestational age), and child’s family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives. Model 2 was model 1 + maternal BMI at pregnancy OGTT. Model 3 was model 1 + child’s BMI z score. Model 4 was model 1 + maternal BMI at pregnancy OGTT + child’s BMI z score.