Characteristics of study subjects
| . | Unmatched . | Matched for HbA1c and age . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | None/mild . | Moderate/severe . | . | None/mild . | Moderate/severe . | . |
| . | n = 98 . | n = 30 . | P values . | n = 30 . | n = 30 . | P values . |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Sex | 0.07 | |||||
| Male | 55 | 11 | 18 | 11 | ||
| Female | 43 | 19 | 12 | 19 | ||
| Age at baseline (years) | 7.18 (1.7) | 6.35 (1.4) | 0.02 | 6.38 (1.5) | 6.35 (1.4) | 0.94 |
| Onset age (years) | 4.37 (1.8) | 3.36 (2.0) | 0.01 | 3.74 (1.5) | 3.36 (2.0) | 0.41 |
| Diabetes duration at Tb | 2.73 (1.9) | 2.94 (1.9) | 0.45 | 2.56 (1.9) | 2.94 (1.9) | 0.45 |
| Glycemic characteristics | ||||||
| Avg HbA1c (%) over 18 months | 7.8 (0.8) | 8.2 (0.9) | 0.02 | 7.9 (0.8) | 8.2 (0.9) | 0.19 |
| Avg HbA1c (mmol/mol) over 18 months | 62 (9) | 66 (10) | 63 (9) | 66 (10) | ||
| Avg AOC 70 mg/dL (%) | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.48 | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.67 |
| Avg AOC >300 mg/dL (%) | 12.8 (7.4) | 17.3(8.7) | 0.01 | 12.6 (6.9) | 17.3 (8.7) | 0.02 |
| MAGE (mg/dL) | 157 (24) | 175 (26) | 0.11 | 161 (27) | 175 (26) | 0.52 |
| Brain volume | ||||||
| GMV_Tb (mL) | 694 (54) | 672 (48) | 0.55* | 688 (51) | 672 (48) | 0.52* |
| WMV_Tb (mL) | 449 (41) | 433 (32) | 0.97* | 438 (41) | 433 (32) | 0.73* |
| GMV_T18 (mL) | 703 (54) | 685 (49) | 0.76* | 698 (48) | 685 (49) | 0.70* |
| WMV_T18 (mL) | 459 (42) | 448 (34) | 0.66* | 449 (41) | 448 (34) | 0.49* |
| Brain growth during study | ||||||
| GMV growth rate (mL/year) | 5.7 (5) | 8.5 (5) | 0.14* | 6.4 (5) | 8.5 (5) | 0.04* |
| WMV growth rate (mL/year) | 7.2 (4) | 9.5 (4) | 0.04* | 7.2 (4) | 9.5 (4) | 0.04* |
| . | Unmatched . | Matched for HbA1c and age . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | None/mild . | Moderate/severe . | . | None/mild . | Moderate/severe . | . |
| . | n = 98 . | n = 30 . | P values . | n = 30 . | n = 30 . | P values . |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Sex | 0.07 | |||||
| Male | 55 | 11 | 18 | 11 | ||
| Female | 43 | 19 | 12 | 19 | ||
| Age at baseline (years) | 7.18 (1.7) | 6.35 (1.4) | 0.02 | 6.38 (1.5) | 6.35 (1.4) | 0.94 |
| Onset age (years) | 4.37 (1.8) | 3.36 (2.0) | 0.01 | 3.74 (1.5) | 3.36 (2.0) | 0.41 |
| Diabetes duration at Tb | 2.73 (1.9) | 2.94 (1.9) | 0.45 | 2.56 (1.9) | 2.94 (1.9) | 0.45 |
| Glycemic characteristics | ||||||
| Avg HbA1c (%) over 18 months | 7.8 (0.8) | 8.2 (0.9) | 0.02 | 7.9 (0.8) | 8.2 (0.9) | 0.19 |
| Avg HbA1c (mmol/mol) over 18 months | 62 (9) | 66 (10) | 63 (9) | 66 (10) | ||
| Avg AOC 70 mg/dL (%) | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.48 | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.67 |
| Avg AOC >300 mg/dL (%) | 12.8 (7.4) | 17.3(8.7) | 0.01 | 12.6 (6.9) | 17.3 (8.7) | 0.02 |
| MAGE (mg/dL) | 157 (24) | 175 (26) | 0.11 | 161 (27) | 175 (26) | 0.52 |
| Brain volume | ||||||
| GMV_Tb (mL) | 694 (54) | 672 (48) | 0.55* | 688 (51) | 672 (48) | 0.52* |
| WMV_Tb (mL) | 449 (41) | 433 (32) | 0.97* | 438 (41) | 433 (32) | 0.73* |
| GMV_T18 (mL) | 703 (54) | 685 (49) | 0.76* | 698 (48) | 685 (49) | 0.70* |
| WMV_T18 (mL) | 459 (42) | 448 (34) | 0.66* | 449 (41) | 448 (34) | 0.49* |
| Brain growth during study | ||||||
| GMV growth rate (mL/year) | 5.7 (5) | 8.5 (5) | 0.14* | 6.4 (5) | 8.5 (5) | 0.04* |
| WMV growth rate (mL/year) | 7.2 (4) | 9.5 (4) | 0.04* | 7.2 (4) | 9.5 (4) | 0.04* |
Data are presented as n or mean (SD). For the unmatched groups, the moderate/severe group was significantly younger in age, younger at onset age, and had higher glycemic exposure during the study. The matched subgroups reduced those differences. For the CGM data, Avg AOC (area over the blood concentration–time curve) 70 mg/dL is the average amount of time spent under 70 mg/dL, Avg >300 mg/dL is the average time spent over 300 mg/dL. For the brain volume data, growth rate is calculated as the difference in T18 − Tb divided by time interval in years.
*Covaried for age and sex.