Baseline characteristics of the four study cohorts of patients with type 1 diabetes with persistent macroalbuminuria in CKD stages 1–3 at baseline
| Characteristic . | Joslin cohort (n = 432) . | FinnDiane cohort (n = 486) . | Steno cohort (n = 368) . | INSERM cohort (n = 232) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (%) | 57.2 | 60.3 | 61.1 | 59.9 | 0.68 |
| Age (years) | 37 (32, 43) | 39 (32, 48) | 40 (33, 48) | 41 (32, 50) | <0.001 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 12 (8, 20) | 10 (7, 15) | 10 (7, 15) | 13.5 (8.5, 21) | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 23 (17, 30) | 27 (22, 31) | 27 (22, 32.5) | 26 (18.5, 33) | <0.001 |
| Urinary ACR (mg/g) | 718 (420, 1,337) | 321 (122, 786) | 581 (273, 1,489) | <0.001* | |
| Urinary albumin (mg/L) | 497 (181, 1,110) | ||||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 88 (69, 109) | 70 (49, 93) | 75 (58, 96) | 74 (56, 94) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131 (120, 142) | 141 (130, 155) | 140.5 (127.5, 154.5) | 140 (130, 155) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive treatment (%) | 74.8 | 94.8 | 81.5 | 82.3 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c | |||||
| % | 9.0 (7.9, 10.2) | 8.8 (8.0, 10.0) | 9.2 (8.2, 10.1) | 8.7 (7.7, 9.8) | |
| mmol/mol | 75 (63, 88) | 73 (64, 86) | 77 (66, 87) | 72 (61, 84) | 0.002 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.3 (4.5, 6.1) | 5.3 (4.7, 6.0) | 5.5 (4.7, 6.2) | 0.19* | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never (%) | 46.1 | 38.4 | 47.4 | ||
| Former (%) | 29.9 | 29.0 | 16.4 | <0.001* | |
| Current (%) | 24.0 | 32.6 | 44.0 | 36.2 | <0.001† |
| Characteristic . | Joslin cohort (n = 432) . | FinnDiane cohort (n = 486) . | Steno cohort (n = 368) . | INSERM cohort (n = 232) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (%) | 57.2 | 60.3 | 61.1 | 59.9 | 0.68 |
| Age (years) | 37 (32, 43) | 39 (32, 48) | 40 (33, 48) | 41 (32, 50) | <0.001 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 12 (8, 20) | 10 (7, 15) | 10 (7, 15) | 13.5 (8.5, 21) | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 23 (17, 30) | 27 (22, 31) | 27 (22, 32.5) | 26 (18.5, 33) | <0.001 |
| Urinary ACR (mg/g) | 718 (420, 1,337) | 321 (122, 786) | 581 (273, 1,489) | <0.001* | |
| Urinary albumin (mg/L) | 497 (181, 1,110) | ||||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 88 (69, 109) | 70 (49, 93) | 75 (58, 96) | 74 (56, 94) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131 (120, 142) | 141 (130, 155) | 140.5 (127.5, 154.5) | 140 (130, 155) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive treatment (%) | 74.8 | 94.8 | 81.5 | 82.3 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c | |||||
| % | 9.0 (7.9, 10.2) | 8.8 (8.0, 10.0) | 9.2 (8.2, 10.1) | 8.7 (7.7, 9.8) | |
| mmol/mol | 75 (63, 88) | 73 (64, 86) | 77 (66, 87) | 72 (61, 84) | 0.002 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.3 (4.5, 6.1) | 5.3 (4.7, 6.0) | 5.5 (4.7, 6.2) | 0.19* | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never (%) | 46.1 | 38.4 | 47.4 | ||
| Former (%) | 29.9 | 29.0 | 16.4 | <0.001* | |
| Current (%) | 24.0 | 32.6 | 44.0 | 36.2 | <0.001† |
Data are median (1st, 3rd) quartile unless otherwise indicated. The statistical tests compare medians across the four cohorts.
*Comparison of three cohorts.
†Comparison of current smoking prevalence between four cohorts.