. | Group . | P* . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2D-met+ . | T2D-met− . | ND . | T2D-met+ vs. T2D-met− . | T2D-met+ vs. ND . | T2D-met− vs. ND . | |
n | 14 | 14 | 84 | — | — | — |
Age (years) | 50 ± 10 | 44 ± 9 | 47 ± 9 | 0.11 | 0.33 | 0.24 |
Sex (F/M) | 0.36 | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 0.84 |
Anthropometry | ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.88 ± 4.63 | 32.15 ± 6.36 | 31.11 ± 4.53 | 0.98 | 0.56 | 0.62 |
Body fat (%) | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.68 | 0.58 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 104.6 ± 9.8 | 102.8 ± 14.2 | 102.0 ± 11.3 | 0.70 | 0.39 | 0.85 |
Clinical parameters | ||||||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178 ± 51 | 208 ± 44 | 187 ± 30 | 0.11 | 0.54 | 0.10 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 40 ± 11 | 38 ± 6 | 44 ± 12 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 0.0136 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 105 ± 35 | 128 ± 39 | 115 ± 28 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.26 |
VLDL (mg/dL) | 38 ± 40 | 52 ± 52 | 31 ± 15 | 0.19 | 0.64 | 0.0471 |
Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 102 ± 30 | 108 ± 30 | 97 ± 26 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.18 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 176 ± 202 | 244 ± 253 | 154 ± 75 | 0.15 | 0.97 | 0.07 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 127 ± 47 | 145 ± 76 | 90 ± 10 | 0.57 | 0.0047 | 0.0060 |
HbA1c [% (mmol/mol)] | 6.9 ± 1.4 (52.0 ± 15.3) | 7.1 ± 1.7 (54.0 ± 18.6) | 5.6 ± 0.3 (38.0 ± 3.3) | 0.78 | 0.0026 | 0.0047 |
Fasting insulin (µU/mL) | 22.24 ± 12.58 | 24.24 ± 12.86 | 15.20 ± 8.79 | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.0029 |
Insulin resistance index | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 3.0 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 0.39 | 0.0420 | 0.0018 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 7.39 ± 6.09 | 8.34 ± 5.40 | 7.89 ± 6.14 | 0.38 | 0.91 | 0.25 |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 4.59 ± 1.97 | 4.96 ± 3.22 | 6.79 ± 3.90 | 0.91 | 0.0195 | 0.07 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.70 ± 2.53 | 3.35 ± 2.76 | 4.04 ± 5.02 | 0.61 | 0.21 | 0.62 |
Dietary intake | ||||||
Energy intake (calories) | 1,843 ± 268 | 1,865 ± 584 | 1,945 ± 572 | 0.75 | 0.61 | 0.57 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 250 ± 37 | 260 ± 86 | 267 ± 88 | 0.92 | 0.52 | 0.68 |
Protein (g) | 74.7 ± 9.1 | 69.7 ± 13.1 | 74.1 ± 13.8 | 0.26 | 0.85 | 0.26 |
Fat (g) | 60.7 ± 13.0 | 60.2 ± 21.3 | 62.9 ± 17.1 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.51 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 336 ± 31 | 330 ± 41 | 347 ± 38 | 0.67 | 0.28 | 0.18 |
Dietary fiber (g) | 17.9 ± 4.8 | 18.6 ± 6.4 | 17.5 ± 4.8 | 0.88 | 0.73 | 0.64 |
Stool consistency [n (%)] | 0.38 | 0.58 | 0.50 | |||
Hard | 4 (28) | 2 (14) | 13 (15) | — | — | — |
Normal | 8 (57) | 9 (64) | 54 (64) | — | — | — |
Mushy | 2 (14) | 1 (7) | 13 (15) | — | — | — |
Diarrheic | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | 4 (5) | — | — | — |
. | Group . | P* . | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2D-met+ . | T2D-met− . | ND . | T2D-met+ vs. T2D-met− . | T2D-met+ vs. ND . | T2D-met− vs. ND . | |
n | 14 | 14 | 84 | — | — | — |
Age (years) | 50 ± 10 | 44 ± 9 | 47 ± 9 | 0.11 | 0.33 | 0.24 |
Sex (F/M) | 0.36 | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 0.84 |
Anthropometry | ||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.88 ± 4.63 | 32.15 ± 6.36 | 31.11 ± 4.53 | 0.98 | 0.56 | 0.62 |
Body fat (%) | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.68 | 0.58 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 104.6 ± 9.8 | 102.8 ± 14.2 | 102.0 ± 11.3 | 0.70 | 0.39 | 0.85 |
Clinical parameters | ||||||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178 ± 51 | 208 ± 44 | 187 ± 30 | 0.11 | 0.54 | 0.10 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 40 ± 11 | 38 ± 6 | 44 ± 12 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 0.0136 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 105 ± 35 | 128 ± 39 | 115 ± 28 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.26 |
VLDL (mg/dL) | 38 ± 40 | 52 ± 52 | 31 ± 15 | 0.19 | 0.64 | 0.0471 |
Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 102 ± 30 | 108 ± 30 | 97 ± 26 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.18 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 176 ± 202 | 244 ± 253 | 154 ± 75 | 0.15 | 0.97 | 0.07 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 127 ± 47 | 145 ± 76 | 90 ± 10 | 0.57 | 0.0047 | 0.0060 |
HbA1c [% (mmol/mol)] | 6.9 ± 1.4 (52.0 ± 15.3) | 7.1 ± 1.7 (54.0 ± 18.6) | 5.6 ± 0.3 (38.0 ± 3.3) | 0.78 | 0.0026 | 0.0047 |
Fasting insulin (µU/mL) | 22.24 ± 12.58 | 24.24 ± 12.86 | 15.20 ± 8.79 | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.0029 |
Insulin resistance index | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 3.0 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 0.39 | 0.0420 | 0.0018 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 7.39 ± 6.09 | 8.34 ± 5.40 | 7.89 ± 6.14 | 0.38 | 0.91 | 0.25 |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 4.59 ± 1.97 | 4.96 ± 3.22 | 6.79 ± 3.90 | 0.91 | 0.0195 | 0.07 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.70 ± 2.53 | 3.35 ± 2.76 | 4.04 ± 5.02 | 0.61 | 0.21 | 0.62 |
Dietary intake | ||||||
Energy intake (calories) | 1,843 ± 268 | 1,865 ± 584 | 1,945 ± 572 | 0.75 | 0.61 | 0.57 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 250 ± 37 | 260 ± 86 | 267 ± 88 | 0.92 | 0.52 | 0.68 |
Protein (g) | 74.7 ± 9.1 | 69.7 ± 13.1 | 74.1 ± 13.8 | 0.26 | 0.85 | 0.26 |
Fat (g) | 60.7 ± 13.0 | 60.2 ± 21.3 | 62.9 ± 17.1 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.51 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 336 ± 31 | 330 ± 41 | 347 ± 38 | 0.67 | 0.28 | 0.18 |
Dietary fiber (g) | 17.9 ± 4.8 | 18.6 ± 6.4 | 17.5 ± 4.8 | 0.88 | 0.73 | 0.64 |
Stool consistency [n (%)] | 0.38 | 0.58 | 0.50 | |||
Hard | 4 (28) | 2 (14) | 13 (15) | — | — | — |
Normal | 8 (57) | 9 (64) | 54 (64) | — | — | — |
Mushy | 2 (14) | 1 (7) | 13 (15) | — | — | — |
Diarrheic | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | 4 (5) | — | — | — |
Values presented as mean ± SD.
*All P values from t tests except in sex and stool consistency (χ2 tests).