. | Oral estrogen . | Oral progestin . | Intramuscular and implants of progestin . | IUD . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose tolerance | Neutral | ↑Insulin resistance ↑Glucose tolerance | ↑Insulin resistance ↑Glucose tolerance | Neutral |
Lipids | ↑HDL cholesterol ↓LDL cholesterol | ↓HDL cholesterol ↓LDL cholesterol | Variable on HDL cholesterol | Neutral |
↑Triglyceride | ↓Triglyceride | ↓Triglyceride | ||
Blood pressure | Slight↑ | Neutral | Neutral | Neutral |
Coagulation | ↑ Globulins: dose-dependent↑ | Neutral | Neutral | Neutral |
. | Oral estrogen . | Oral progestin . | Intramuscular and implants of progestin . | IUD . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose tolerance | Neutral | ↑Insulin resistance ↑Glucose tolerance | ↑Insulin resistance ↑Glucose tolerance | Neutral |
Lipids | ↑HDL cholesterol ↓LDL cholesterol | ↓HDL cholesterol ↓LDL cholesterol | Variable on HDL cholesterol | Neutral |
↑Triglyceride | ↓Triglyceride | ↓Triglyceride | ||
Blood pressure | Slight↑ | Neutral | Neutral | Neutral |
Coagulation | ↑ Globulins: dose-dependent↑ | Neutral | Neutral | Neutral |
The net effect of COCs varies depending on the various amounts and components of estrogen and progestin used. See text for details.